法

See also: 灋
法 U+6CD5, 法
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CD5
← 泔
[U+6CD4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泖 →
[U+6CD6]

Translingual
Stroke order
8 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

法 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水土戈 (EGI), four-corner 34131, composition ⿰氵去)

Derived characters
  • 𠵽, 𭡚, 𦝌, 琺, 鍅, 𪶏, 𭱇, 𬈅, 𧇦, 𭓼, 𦲾, 𪾁, 𪴹, 䦢, 𬰂, 𢌇, 𦝎, 𤀢, 𪫚, 𠎢

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 616, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17290
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1010, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1579, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6CD5

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 法
alternative forms 㳒
灋
𢌇
佱
𣳴

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 法
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (法) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
法 *pqab
灋 *pqab

Simplified from earlier 灋, which was originally used to represent 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside; to abrogate”).

Etymology 1

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Tibetan བབས (babs, “shape, form, appearance”), དབྱིབས (dbyibs, “shape, form, figure”). Possibly cognate with 凡 (OC *bom, “all, general, every; pattern, general rule”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

Note:
Note:
  • huab4 - Chaozhou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
  • huag4 - Shantou, Chenghai.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wugniu: 7faq
      • Wiktionary Romanisation: 4faq
      • Sinological IPA (key): /faʔ⁵⁵/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: fa6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɸa̠²⁴/
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 法
Mandarin Beijing /fa²¹⁴/
/fa⁵¹/
Harbin /fa²¹³/
Tianjin /fɑ⁴⁵/ ～子
/fɑ¹³/ 方～,～國
Jinan /fa²¹³/
Qingdao /fa⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /fa²⁴/
Xi'an /fa²¹/
Xining /fa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /fa¹³/
Lanzhou /fa¹³/
Ürümqi /fa⁵¹/
Wuhan /fa²¹³/
Chengdu /fa³¹/
Guiyang /fa²¹/
Kunming /fa̠³¹/
Nanjing /fɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /fɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /faʔ²/
Pingyao /xuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /faʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /faʔ⁵/
Suzhou /faʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /fɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ho²¹³/
Hui Shexian /faʔ²¹/
Tunxi /fuːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /fa²⁴/
Xiangtan /ɸɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /faʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fap̚¹/
Taoyuan /fɑp̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fat̚³/
Nanning /fat̚³³/
Hong Kong /fat̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /huat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /huɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xua²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /huak̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /fak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 法
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 凡 (148)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方乏切
Baxter pjop
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pɨɐp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /piɐp̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /piɐp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /puap̚/
Li
Rong		 /piɐp̚/
Wang
Li		 /pĭwɐp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pi̯wɐp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fa
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 faat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 法
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fǎ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pjop ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[p.k]ap/
English model, law

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 法
Reading # 1/1
No. 2867
Phonetic
component		 法
Rime
group		 盍
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 法
Old
Chinese		 /*pqab/
Notes 說文灋省文

Definitions

法

  1. law; rule; regulation; statute
    法院  ―  fǎyuàn  ―  court of law
    立法  ―  lìfǎ  ―  to legislate
    犯法  ―  fànfǎ  ―  to break the law
    普通法  ―  pǔtōngfǎ  ―  common law
    著作權法／著作权法  ―  zhùzuòquánfǎ  ―  copyright law
  2. norm; standard; model; example
    法書／法书  ―  fǎshū  ―  model calligraphy
    語法／语法  ―  yǔfǎ  ―  grammar
  3. to imitate; to emulate
    效法  ―  xiàofǎ  ―  to imitate
    師法／师法  ―  shīfǎ  ―  to imitate
  4. method; way; solution
    歸納法／归纳法  ―  guīnàfǎ  ―  inductive reasoning
  5. (Buddhism) dharma; principle of the universe; teachings of Buddha
    法輪／法轮  ―  fǎlún  ―  dharmachakra
    末法時期／末法时期  ―  mò fǎ shíqī  ―  Dharma-ending age
  6. magic; magic arts; sorcery; witchcraft
    施法  ―  shīfǎ  ―  to cast a spell
  7. 40th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "law" (𝌭)
  8. (Cantonese) such a way
    而家噉搞法我都唔知點算好。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    而家噉搞法我都唔知点算好。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ji4 gaa1 gam2 gaau2 faat3 ngo5 dou1 m4 zi1 dim2 syun3 hou2. [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  9. a surname
Usage notes

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (法):
  • → Japanese: 法(ほう) (hō)
  • → Korean: 법(法) (beop)
  • → Vietnamese: pháp (法)

Others:

  • → Proto-Tai
    • Lao: ແບບ (bǣp, “form; model, standard, example; method; style, manner; brand, type”)
    • Thai: แบบ (bɛ̀ɛp, “kind; design, pattern; style; type; model”)
    • → Khmer: បែប (baep, “kind, sort, model, type; style, form, shape; aspect; method, way, situation, condition”)
  • → Vietnamese: phép (“rule, custom, usage, method; permission, authorisation; magical power”)
  • → Manchu: ᡶᠠᡶᡠᠨ (fafun, “law; rule; punishment”)

Pronunciation

Note:
  • huab4 - Chaozhou;
  • huag4 - Shantou.

Definitions

法

  1. Short for 法蘭西／法兰西 (Fǎlánxī, “France”).
    法語／法语  ―  fǎyǔ  ―  French language
    法棍  ―  fǎgùn  ―  French stick
Usage notes

Compounds

Pronunciation

Definitions

法

  1. Short for 法拉 (fǎlā, “farad”).

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji
法

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. method
  2. law, rule
  3. principle
  4. model
  5. system

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
法
ほう
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 法 (MC pjop). Originally, the kan'on was はふ (fafu), and the goon was ほふ (fofu), although both became ほう (hō) in modern Japanese. It is suggested that the kan'on was used in the general senses, while the goon was used in Buddhist contexts.

Pronunciation

Noun

法(ほう) • (hō) ←はふ (fafu)?

  1. principle
  2. law
  3. code of law
  4. method
  5. etiquette
  6. (Buddhism) dharma
  7. (grammar) mood
  8. (mathematics) divisor
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
法
のり
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 法 – see the following entry.
【のり】
[noun] rule, regulation, law
[noun] norm, standard
[noun] measure, scale, ruler (measuring device)
[noun] measure, scale, size
Alternative spellings
規, 則, 矩
(This term, 法, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
法
ふらん
Grade: 4
irregular

From French franc.[1][3]

Pronunciation

Noun

法(フラン) • (furan) 

  1. Alternative spelling of フラン

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

法 (eumhun 법 법 (beop beop))

  1. Hanja form? of 법 (“law”).

Vietnamese

Han character

法: Hán Việt readings: pháp[1][2][3][4][5][6]
法: Nôm readings: pháp[1][2][3], phép[1][2][3], phấp[1][2][3], phăm[3], phắp[3], bắp[1], mép[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of pháp (“law, method, standard”).
  2. chữ Hán form of Pháp (“France, French”).
  3. Nôm form of phép (“custom, permission”).

Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Trần (1999).
  5. Nguyễn (1974).
  6. Thiều Chửu (1942).
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