< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esmь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.

Baltic cognates are Lithuanian esmì, Old Prussian asmai.

Indo-European cognates are Tocharian A ṣem, Tocharian B ṣeym, Sanskrit अस्मि (asmi), Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍‎ (ahmī), Old Armenian եմ (em), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi), Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi), Albanian jam, Latin sum, Proto-Germanic *immi.

Verb

*esmь

  1. first-person singular present of *byti (I am)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: есмь (esmĭ)
      • Russian: есмь (jesmʹ)
      • Ukrainian: єсьм (jesʹm)
    • Old Novgorodian: есмь (esmĭ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмь (jesmĭ)
    • Bulgarian: съм (sǎm), сам (sam)
    • Macedonian: сум (sum)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
    • Old Slovene: ieſem[1], iezem[2], gezim[3]
  • West Slavic:

References
  1. “ieſem”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 8 (3.2/161r), line 38
  2. “iezem”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 1 (1.1/78r), line 23
  3. “gezim”, in Freising manuscripts, 1005±33, page 5 (2.3/159v), line 88
  4. Jan Gebauer (1886), “Tvaroslovné výklady a doklady ke slovesům třídy IV, VI a bezpříznakým. Kmeny praesentní bez příznaku.”, in Listy filologické a paedagogické, volume 13, Prague: Jednota českých filologů, Edvard Grégr, page 302
  5. K. Nitsch, editor (1954), “1. Być”, in Słownik staropolski (in Old Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 183

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*esmь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 32
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “есмь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “быть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 129
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