犯

犯 U+72AF, 犯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AF
← 犮
[U+72AE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 犰 →
[U+72B0]

犯 U+FA9F, 犯
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA9F
← 爵
[U+FA9E] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 猪 →
[U+FAA0]

Translingual

Han character

犯 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 47212, composition ⿰犭㔾)

Derived characters
  • 𠱍, 𣳜

References

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 犯

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 犯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (氾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
氾 *pʰoms, *bom
犯 *bomʔ
範 *bomʔ
范 *bomʔ
笵 *bomʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 𢎘 ().

Etymology

"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.

This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects. However, there are still some dialects that retain this feature, such as Meixian and Teochew dialect. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆 and 風.

Pronunciation

Note: faan6-2 - noun only.
Note:
  • huang6 - Shantou;
  • huam6 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wugniu: 6ve
      • Wiktionary Romanisation: 3ve
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ve̞²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: fan5 / fan4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɸan²¹/, /ɸan⁴⁵/
Note:
  • fan5 - vernacular;
  • fan4 - literary.
Rime
Character 犯
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 凡 (146)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 防錽切
Baxter bjomX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bɨɐmX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /biɐmX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biɐmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /buamX/
Li
Rong		 /biɐmX/
Wang
Li		 /bĭwɐmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱi̯wɐmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 faan6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 犯
Reading # 1/1
No. 2980
Phonetic
component		 氾
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 范
Old
Chinese		 /*bomʔ/

Definitions

犯

  1. to infringe on; to attack; to encroach
    人不犯我，我不犯人 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    rén bù fàn wǒ, wǒ bù fàn rén [Pinyin]
    We will not attack if we are not attacked.
  2. to commit (crime); to violate
    犯罪  ―  fànzuì  ―  to commit crime
  3. criminal; offender; culprit
    罪犯  ―  zuìfàn  ―  criminal
    俾個犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    俾个犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]
    bei2 go3 faan6-2 zau2 lat1 zo2 aa3! [Jyutping]
    The criminal ran loose!
  4. to happen; to break out (usually something wrong or bad)
    犯脾氣／犯脾气  ―  fànpíqì  ―  to get angry; to lose one's temper
  5. to brave; to face; to withstand
  6. to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of

Synonyms
  • (to violate):
  • (criminal):
  • (to be worth):

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (犯):
  • → Japanese: 犯(はん) (han)
  • → Korean: 범(犯) (beom)
  • → Vietnamese: phạm (犯)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
犯

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. crime, offense
  2. criminal, culprit, offender

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
犯
はん
Grade: 5
kan’on

/pɨɐm/ → /pamʉ/ → /famʉ/ → /haɴ/

From Middle Chinese, 犯 (MC bjomX).

Suffix

犯(はん) • (-han) 

  1. perpetrators of a crime
  2. some types of crime

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 危険(きけん)犯(はん) (kiken-han)
  • 教唆(きょうさ)犯(はん) (kyōsa-han)
  • 強力(ごうりき)犯(はん) (gōriki-han)
  • 財政(ざいせい)犯(はん) (zaisei-han)
  • 集合(しゅうごう)犯(はん) (shūgō-han)
  • 状態(じょうたい)犯(はん) (jōtai-han)
  • 即(そく)時(じ)犯(はん) (sokuji-han)
  • 法定(ほうてい)犯(はん) (hōtei-han)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 犯 (MC bjomX).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pɘ(ː)m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [범(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

犯 (eumhun 범할 범 (beomhal beom))

  1. Hanja form? of 범 (“to violate; to commit”). [verbal root]
  2. Hanja form? of 범 (“criminal”). [suffix]
  3. Hanja form? of 범 (“count of crime”). [counter]

Compounds
Compounds
  • 범금 (犯禁, beomgeum)
  • 범소 (犯所, beomso)
  • 범월 (犯越, beomwol)
  • 범인 (犯人, beomin)
  • 범접 (犯接, beomjeop)
  • 범죄 (犯罪, beomjoe)
  • 범행 (犯行, beomhaeng)
  • 경범 (輕犯, gyeongbeom)
  • 공범 (共犯, gongbeom)
  • 방범 (防犯, bangbeom)
  • 수범 (首犯, subeom)
  • 잡범 (雜犯, japbeom)
  • 재범 (再犯, jaebeom)
  • 전범 (戰犯, jeonbeom)
  • 죄범 (罪犯, joebeom)
  • 주범 (主犯, jubeom)
  • 중범 (重犯, jungbeom)
  • 침범 (侵犯, chimbeom)
  • 범죄성 (犯罪性, beomjoeseong)
  • 간통범 (姦通犯, gantongbeom)
  • 강간범 (強姦犯, gangganbeom)
  • 강도범 (強盜犯, gangdobeom)
  • 교사범 (敎唆犯, gyosabeom)
  • 군사범 (軍事犯, gunsabeom)
  • 납치범 (拉致犯, napchibeom)
  • 도망범 (逃亡犯, domangbeom)
  • 방임범 (放任犯, bang'imbeom)
  • 사기범 (詐欺犯, sagibeom)
  • 사칭범 (詐稱犯, sachingbeom)
  • 살인범 (殺人犯, sarinbeom)
  • 상습범 (常習犯, sangseupbeom)
  • 생계범 (生計犯, saenggyebeom)
  • 성인범 (成人犯, seong'inbeom)
  • 소년범 (少年犯, sonyeonbeom)
  • 우범자 (虞犯者, ubeomja)
  • 유괴범 (誘拐犯, yugoebeom)
  • 인질범 (人質犯, injilbeom)
  • 전문범 (專門犯, jeonmunbeom)
  • 전쟁범 (戰爭犯, jeonjaengbeom)
  • 절도범 (竊盜犯, jeoldobeom)
  • 정치범 (政治犯, jeongchibeom)
  • 질주범 (疾走犯, jiljubeom)
  • 탈주범 (脫走犯, taljubeom)
  • 폭파범 (爆破犯, pokpabeom)
  • 폭행범 (暴行犯, pokhaengbeom)
  • 현행범 (現行犯, hyeonhaengbeom)
  • 협박범 (脅迫犯, hyeopbakbeom)
  • 확신범 (確信犯, hwaksinbeom)
  • 흉악범 (凶惡犯, hyung'akbeom)
  • 간명범의 (干名犯義, ganmyeongbeomui)
  • 방외범색 (房外犯色, bang'oebeomsaek)
  • 사불범정 (邪不犯正, sabulbeomjeong)
  • 일생불범 (一生不犯, ilsaengbulbeom)
  • 일죄재범 (一罪再犯, iljoejaebeom)
  • 중노난범 (衆怒難犯, jungnonanbeom)
  • 죄중우범 (罪中又犯, joejung'ubeom)

Vietnamese

Han character

犯: Hán Nôm readings: phạm

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