怨

怨 U+6028, 怨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6028
← 性
[U+6027] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 怩 →
[U+6029]

Translingual

Han character

怨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓山心 (NUP), four-corner 27331, composition ⿱夗心)

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 382, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10479
  • Dae Jaweon: page 711, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2281, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6028

Chinese
trad. 怨
simp. # 怨

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (夗) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涴 *qoːls, *qoːn, *qonʔ
埦 *qoːn
豌 *qoːn
剜 *qoːn
眢 *qoːn, *qon
蜿 *qoːn, *qon, *qonʔ
帵 *qoːn
碗 *qoːnʔ
椀 *qoːnʔ
盌 *qoːnʔ
腕 *qoːns
惋 *qoːns
捥 *qoːns
睕 *qoːns, *qonʔ, *qoːd
琬 *qoːns, *qonʔ
鴛 *quːn, *qon
鵷 *qon
惌 *qon, *qonʔ
宛 *qon, *qonʔ
怨 *qon, *qons
葾 *qon
夗 *qonʔ
婉 *qonʔ
菀 *qonʔ, *qud
苑 *qonʔ, *qons
踠 *qonʔ
畹 *qonʔ, *qons
倇 *qonʔ
晼 *qonʔ
黦 *qod, *qod, *qud
焥 *qoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qon, *qons) : phonetic 夗 (OC *qonʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Possibly related to 冤?”)

Pronunciation

Note:
  • uang3 - Shantou;
  • uêng3 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 怨 怨
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 元 (66) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 於袁切 於願切
Baxter 'jwon 'jwonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔʉɐn/ /ʔʉɐnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔʷiɐn/ /ʔʷiɐnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔiuɐn/ /ʔiuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔuan/ /ʔuanH/
Li
Rong		 /ʔiuɐn/ /ʔiuɐnH/
Wang
Li		 /ĭwɐn/ /ĭwɐnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔi̯wɐn/ /ʔi̯wɐnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yuān yuàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jyun1 jyun3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 怨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yuàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔjwonH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ʔ]o[r]-s/
English resentment

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 怨 怨
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16286 16305
Phonetic
component		 夗 夗
Rime
group		 元 元
Rime
subdivision		 3 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 鴛 怨
Old
Chinese		 /*qon/ /*qons/

Definitions

怨

  1. to resent; to hate
  2. hatred; enmity; resentment
  3. to complain; to grumble; to moan
  4. complaint; grievance

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
怨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. grudge
  2. resentment
  3. jealous

Readings

Synonyms

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
怨
えん
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 怨 (MC 'jwon|'jwonH).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

怨(えん) • (en) ←ゑん (wen)?

  1. hate; resent
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
怨
おん
Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 怨 (MC 'jwon|'jwonH).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [õ̞ɴ]

Affix

怨(おん) • (on) ←をん (won)?

  1. hate; resent
Derived terms
Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

怨 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

怨: Hán Nôm readings: oán

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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