凡夫

Chinese

		ordinary; every; all ordinary; every; all; whatever; worldly	husband; man
simp. and trad. (凡夫)		凡	夫

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fánfū

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ ㄈㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): faan⁴ fu¹
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): huam⁵ hu¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fánfū
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ ㄈㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fánfu
  - Wade–Giles: fan²-fu¹
  - Yale: fán-fū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farnfu
  - Palladius: фаньфу (fanʹfu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän³⁵ fu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: faan⁴ fu¹
  - Yale: fàahn fū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faan⁴ fu¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fan⁴ fu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn²¹ fuː⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huam⁵ hu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâm hu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/

Middle Chinese: bjom pju

Rime
Character	凡	夫
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	凡 (146)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	符咸切	甫無切
Baxter	bjom	pju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨɐm/	/pɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/biɐm/	/pio/
Shao Rongfen	/biɐm/	/pio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buam/	/puə̆/
Li Rong	/biɐm/	/pio/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐm/	/pĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐm/	/pi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fán	fū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faan⁴	fu¹

Noun

凡夫

(literary) ordinary person; mortal person
- 自古道：「遣泰山輕如芥子，攜凡夫難脫紅塵。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  自古道：“遣泰山轻如芥子，携凡夫难脱红尘。” [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE
  Zìgǔ dào: “Qiǎn tàishān qīng rú jièzǐ, xié fánfū nán tuō hóngchén.” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Buddhism) unenlightened person

Synonyms

(ordinary person):

一般人 (yībānrén)
世人 (shìrén)
世間人／世间人 (Min Nan)
人士 (rénshì) (literary)
人民 (rénmín)
人群 (rénqún)
人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
俗人 (súrén)
俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
𫣆人 (Hakka)
兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
公眾／公众 (gōngzhòng)
凡人 (fánrén)
匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary)
四眾人／四众人 (Teochew)
士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
大眾／大众 (dàzhòng)
子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
家人 (jiārén) (archaic)
布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
常人 (chángrén)
平人 (píngrén) (literary)
平常人 (píngchángrén)
平民 (píngmín)
庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
民人 (mínrén) (literary)
民眾／民众 (mínzhòng)
烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
百姓
眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)
群眾／群众 (qúnzhòng)
老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
良人 (liángrén) (literary)
草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
草菅 (cǎojiān) (Classical Chinese, figurative)
草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
萌 (literary)
野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
黎民 (límín) (literary)
黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)

Derived terms

凡夫俗子 (fánfūsúzǐ)
肉眼凡夫

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (凡夫):

→ Japanese: 凡(ぼん)夫(ぷ) (bonpu)
→ Korean: 범부(凡夫) (beombu)
→ Vietnamese: phàm phu (凡夫)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
凡	夫
ぼん Grade: S	ふ > ぷ Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

Probably from Middle Chinese 凡夫 (MC bjom pju, literally “ordinary, common; worldly, mortal + man, person, fellow”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぼんぷ [bóꜜǹpù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [bõ̞mpɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

凡(ぼん)夫(ぷ) • (bonpu)

ordinary person; mortal person
(Buddhism) unenlightened person

Usage notes

May be found in some dialects or historical contexts with the reading bonbu.

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja in this term
凡	夫

Noun

凡夫 • (beombu) (hangeul 범부)

Hanja form^? of 범부 (“ordinary person, mortal person; (Buddhism) an unenlightened person”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
凡	夫

Noun

凡夫

chữ Hán form of phàm phu (“ordinary person, mortal person; (Buddhism) an unenlightened person”).

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