kara
English
Noun
kara (plural karas)
Cornish
Conjugation
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | |||||
Pres-fut | Imperfect | Preterite | Conditional | Pres-fut | Imperfect | ||
1s | karav | karen | keris | karsen | kyrriv | karren | - |
2s | kerydh | kares | kersys | karses | kyrri | karres | kar |
3s | kar | kara | karas | karsa | karro | karra | kares |
1p | keryn | karen | kersyn | karsen | kerryn | karren | keryn |
2p | kerowgh | karewgh | kersowgh | karsewgh | kerrowgh | karrewgh | kerowgh |
3p | karons | karens | kersons | karsens | karrons | karrens | karens |
0 | kerir | kares | karas | karsys | kyrrer | karrys | - |
Present participle: ow kara Verbal adjective: kerys |
Mutation
Cornish consonant mutation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
unmutated | soft | aspirate | hard | mixed | mixed after 'th |
kara | gara | hara | unchanged | unchanged | unchanged |
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkara]
- Audio:
(file) - Rhymes: -ara
- Hyphenation: ka‧ra
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑrɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝rɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
- Syllabification(key): ka‧ra
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *kara.
Noun
kara
- a dried branch, rib of a leaf or other similar dried part of a plant
- Synonym: karahka
- core (uneaten part of an apple or similar fruit)
- core of a pirn (in a weaving shuttle)
- (machining) spindle
- core (in injection molding)
- spindle (of a door or window handle, etc.)
- pin (a piece of wood, partly inserted inside the wall, that supports the frame of a window or door)
- valve stem
Declension
Inflection of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kara | karat | ||
genitive | karan | karojen | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | kara | karat | ||
accusative | nom. | kara | karat | |
gen. | karan | |||
genitive | karan | karojen karainrare | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
inessive | karassa | karoissa | ||
elative | karasta | karoista | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
adessive | karalla | karoilla | ||
ablative | karalta | karoilta | ||
allative | karalle | karoille | ||
essive | karana | karoina | ||
translative | karaksi | karoiksi | ||
abessive | karatta | karoitta | ||
instructive | — | karoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
Further reading
- “kara”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
Onomatopoeic.
Declension
Inflection of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kara | karat | ||
genitive | karan | karojen | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | kara | karat | ||
accusative | nom. | kara | karat | |
gen. | karan | |||
genitive | karan | karojen karainrare | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
inessive | karassa | karoissa | ||
elative | karasta | karoista | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
adessive | karalla | karoilla | ||
ablative | karalta | karoilta | ||
allative | karalle | karoille | ||
essive | karana | karoina | ||
translative | karaksi | karoiksi | ||
abessive | karatta | karoitta | ||
instructive | — | karoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Etymology 3
Clipping of karamboli.
Declension
Inflection of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kara | karat | ||
genitive | karan | karojen | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | kara | karat | ||
accusative | nom. | kara | karat | |
gen. | karan | |||
genitive | karan | karojen karainrare | ||
partitive | karaa | karoja | ||
inessive | karassa | karoissa | ||
elative | karasta | karoista | ||
illative | karaan | karoihin | ||
adessive | karalla | karoilla | ||
ablative | karalta | karoilta | ||
allative | karalle | karoille | ||
essive | karana | karoina | ||
translative | karaksi | karoiksi | ||
abessive | karatta | karoitta | ||
instructive | — | karoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of kara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Anagrams
Gothic
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkɒrɒ]
- Hyphenation: ka‧ra
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kara | — |
accusative | karát | — |
dative | karának | — |
instrumental | karával | — |
causal-final | karáért | — |
translative | karává | — |
terminative | karáig | — |
essive-formal | karaként | — |
essive-modal | karául | — |
inessive | karában | — |
superessive | karán | — |
adessive | karánál | — |
illative | karába | — |
sublative | karára | — |
allative | karához | — |
elative | karából | — |
delative | karáról | — |
ablative | karától | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
karáé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
karáéi | — |
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.ra/
- Rhymes: -ra
- Hyphenation: ka‧ra
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦫ (kara), from Old Javanese kara.
Noun
kara (plural kara-kara, first-person possessive karaku, second-person possessive karamu, third-person possessive karanya)
Derived terms
- kara benguk
- kara kaji
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Toraja-Sa'dan [Term?]
Noun
kara (plural kara-kara, first-person possessive karaku, second-person possessive karamu, third-person possessive karanya)
- jewelry made from shells, round with a hole in the middle, usually attached to clothes, large shields, or hats worn by war dancers at death feasts
Further reading
- “kara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Javanese
Jingpho
Khalaj
Perso-Arabic | کَره |
---|
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (Xarrâbî) IPA(key): [kaɾa]
Declension
References
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
Latvian
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle High German karre, ultimately from Latin carrus, from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkara/
Declension
References
- Lower Sorbian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
Mapudungun
References
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Nias
Norwegian Nynorsk
Nupe
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kà.ɾà/
Etymology 2
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Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kā.ɾā/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kà.ɾà/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ká.ɾà/
See also
- sókùn (“compound wall built from one house to another”)
Old Javanese
Derived terms
- akara-karā
- makara-karā
- bāmakara
Etymology 3
Unknown, probably borrowed from Sanskrit खर (khara, “thorny plant”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
kara
Etymology 5
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Further reading
- "kara" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *karu. Cognate with Old English caru, Old High German chara (“grief”), Old Norse kǫr (“sickbed”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (kara).
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Oroqen
References
- Whaley, Lindsay & Li, Fengxiang. (1998). The Suffix -Kan in Oroqen. Studies in Language. 22. 447-471. 10.1075/sl.22.2.06wha.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈka.ra/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ara
- Syllabification: ka‧ra
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.
Declension
Declension
Descendants
- → Ukrainian: ґара (gara)
Declension
Etymology 4
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Etymology 5
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Further reading
- kara in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- kara in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “kara”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
Rapa Nui
Silesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkara/
- Rhymes: -ara
- Syllabification: ka‧ra
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.
Further reading
- kara in silling.org
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish قره (kara), from Proto-Turkic *kara (“dark, black”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɑˈɾɑ/
Audio (file)
Adjective
kara
- black, dark
- Synonym: siyah
- Antonyms: ak, beyaz
- kara büyü ― black magic
- brunette
- dark skinned
- (figuratively) evil, wicked, villainous
- (figuratively, archaic) courageous
Declension
simple present | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
ben (I am) | karayım | karalarım* |
sen (you are) | karasın | karalarsın* |
o (he/she/it is) | kara / karadır | karalar* / karalardır* |
biz (we are) | karayız | karalarız |
siz (you are) | karasınız | karalarsınız |
onlar (they are) | karalar | karalardır |
simple past | singular | plural |
ben (I was) | karaydım | karalardım* |
sen (you were) | karaydın | karalardın* |
o (he/she/it was) | karaydı | karalardı* |
biz (we were) | karaydık | karalardık |
siz (you were) | karaydınız | karalardınız |
onlar (they were) | karaydılar | karalardı |
indirect / unwitnessed past | singular | plural |
ben (I was) | karaymışım | karalarmışım* |
sen (you were) | karaymışsın | karalarmışsın* |
o (he/she/it was) | karaymış | karalarmış* |
biz (we were) | karaymışız | karalarmışız |
siz (you were) | karaymışsınız | karalarmışsınız |
onlar (they were) | karaymışlar | karalarmış |
*Not used, but perhaps rarely - chiefly grammatical formations.
Note: Plural forms are not used with adjectives. |
Descendants
- → Adyghe: къарэ (qarɛ)
Noun
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | kara | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | karayı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | kara | karalar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | karayı | karaları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | karaya | karalara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | karada | karalarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | karadan | karalardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | karanın | karaların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Veps
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
Inflection of kara (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | kara | ||
genitive sing. | karan | ||
partitive sing. | karad | ||
partitive plur. | karoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | kara | karad | |
accusative | karan | karad | |
genitive | karan | karoiden | |
partitive | karad | karoid | |
essive-instructive | karan | karoin | |
translative | karaks | karoikš | |
inessive | karas | karoiš | |
elative | karaspäi | karoišpäi | |
illative | karaha | karoihe | |
adessive | karal | karoil | |
ablative | karalpäi | karoilpäi | |
allative | karale | karoile | |
abessive | karata | karoita | |
comitative | karanke | karoidenke | |
prolative | karadme | karoidme | |
approximative I | karanno | karoidenno | |
approximative II | karannoks | karoidennoks | |
egressive | karannopäi | karoidennopäi | |
terminative I | karahasai | karoihesai | |
terminative II | karalesai | karoilesai | |
terminative III | karassai | — | |
additive I | karahapäi | karoihepäi | |
additive II | karalepäi | karoilepäi |
References
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “бухта”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Wanyi
References
- Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)