cunctus

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain.

  • Contraction of concitus per Pokorny (1959), accepted by De Vaan (2008) with some reservations.[1][2] Ernout and Meillet (1985) reject both this etymology and the following one.[3]
  • Ancient authors explained it as a contraction of *coiūnctus, making it a doublet of coniūnctus (“conjoined, connected”).
  • Sihler (1995) considers it cognate with Hittite 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑 (pa-an-ku-uš, “all, whole; senate”) and Hittite [script needed] (pa-an-kur, “family, relations”), reconstructing the root as Proto-Indo-European *ponkʷu-.[4] De Vaan says this proposal "must be given up", arguing that the Hittite word is more likely cognate to Sanskrit बहु (bahu).
  • Possibly compare also Sanskrit पञ्च (pañca, “spread out”), Sanskrit प्रपञ्चन (prapañcana, “copiousness”), and Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (“whole hand, number five”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

cūnctus (feminine cūncta, neuter cūnctum); first/second-declension adjective

  1. all, collectively, together; the whole, entire
    Synonym: tōtus
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.518:
      cūnctīs nam lēctī nāvibus ībant
      For they were going, having been chosen from all the ships

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative cūnctus cūncta cūnctum cūnctī cūnctae cūncta
Genitive cūnctī cūnctae cūnctī cūnctōrum cūnctārum cūnctōrum
Dative cūnctō cūnctō cūnctīs
Accusative cūnctum cūnctam cūnctum cūnctōs cūnctās cūncta
Ablative cūnctō cūnctā cūnctō cūnctīs
Vocative cūncte cūncta cūnctum cūnctī cūnctae cūncta

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 538
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cunctus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
  3. Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “cunctus”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), with additions and corrections of Jacques André, 4th edition, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 157
  4. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 145, 300, 437

Further reading
  • “cunctus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “cunctus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • cunctus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • cunctus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be elected unanimousl: omnes centurias ferre or omnium suffragiis, cunctis centuriis creari
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