Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/b-r-gja

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *priaʔ (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *b-r-gya (Matisoff, STEDT); *r-gya (Weidert, 1987; Benedict, 1972; LaPolla, 1987); *r-gyɑ (Chou, 1972).

It appears that this root was influenced by the root for "eight" (*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat), despite the fact that these two numerals are not neighbours in linear order.

Numeral

*b-r-gja

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals
ONE	ʔit kat *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik
TWO	*g/s-ni-s
THREE	*g-sum
FOUR	*b-ləj
FIVE	*l/b-ŋa
SIX	*d-k-ruk
SEVEN	*s-ni-s
EIGHT	*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
NINE	*d/s-kəw
TEN	gip ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj
TWENTY	*m-kul
HUNDRED	*b-r-gja
THOUSAND	*s-tawŋ

hundred

Descendants

Old Chinese: 百 /*pˤrak/ (B-S), /*praːɡ/ (ZS)
- Middle Chinese: 百 /pˠæk̚/
  → Japanese: 百 (ひゃく, hyaku)
  Korean: 백 (百, baek)
  Vietnamese: bách (百)
  
  → Ai-Cham: pek⁷
  Lao: ປາກ (pāk)
  Lü: ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak)
  Shan: ပၢၵ် (pǎak)
  - Mandarin:
    - Standard: 百 (bǎi, bó) /paɪ̯²¹⁴/, /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
    - Dungan: бый (bɨy) /pɨi²⁴/
  - Cantonese:
    - Guangzhou-Hong Kong: 百 (baak³) /pɑːk̚³/
  - Hakka:
    - Sixian: 百 (pak) /pak̚²/
  - Wu:
    - Shanghainese: 百 (paq⁴) /pa̠ʔ⁵⁵/
- Min:
  - Coastal Min:
    - Min Dong:
      - Fuzhounese: 百 (báh (vernacular), báik (literary)) /pɑʔ²⁴/, /paiʔ²⁴/
    - Min Nan:
      - Hokkien:
        Kaohsiung, Taipei, Xiamen: 百 (pah, peh (vernacular), pek (literary)) /paʔ³²/, /peʔ³²/, /piɪk̚³²/
        
        Quanzhou: 百 (pah, peh (vernacular), piak (literary)) /paʔ⁵/, /peʔ⁵/, /piak̚⁵/
        
        Zhangzhou: 百 (peeh (vernacular), pek (literary)) /pɛʔ³²/, /piɪk̚³²/
      - Teochew: 百 (bêh⁴) /peʔ²/
Proto-Tibeto-Burman:
- Bodic:
  - Tibetan: བརྒྱ (brgya)
- Lolo-Burmese
  - Burmish:
    - Burmic:
      - Old Burmese: ရျာ (ryā)
      - Burmese: ရာ (ra)
    - Maruic:
      - Pela: ja⁵⁵
  - Proto-Loloish:
    - Nuosu: ꉐ (hxa)
- Loloish
  - Lahu: ha
- Qiangic
  - Tangut: 𘊝 (*ꞏjir²)
  - Situ: pərɟa
→ Proto-Karen: *g-rjaᴬ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: ကယၤ (ka yā, “hundred”) (one hundred is called တကယၤ (ta ka yā), etc)

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