樺

See also: 桦 and 椛

樺	U+6A3A, 樺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A3A

← 樹
[U+6A39]

CJK Unified Ideographs

樻 →
[U+6A3B]

Translingual

Japanese	樺
Simplified	桦
Traditional	樺

Han character

樺 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木廿一十 (DTMJ), four-corner 4495₄, composition ⿰木華)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 552, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15497

Dae Jaweon: page 940, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1261, character 1

Unihan data for U+6A3A

Chinese

trad.		樺
simp.		桦
alternative forms		華／华

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (華) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鞾	*qʰʷa
華	qʰʷraː, ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs
譁	*qʰʷraː
樺	ɡʷraː, ɡʷraːs
嘩	*ɡʷraː
驊	*ɡʷraː
鏵	*ɡʷraː
崋	ɡʷraː, ɡʷraːs

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwa (“birch”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan གྲོ་ག (gro ga, “bark of birch tree”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huà (hua⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): waa⁶, waa⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hōa / hôa

(Teochew, Peng'im): hua⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huà
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huà
  - Wade–Giles: hua⁴
  - Yale: hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huah
  - Palladius: хуа (xua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: waa⁶, waa⁴
  - Yale: wah, wàh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waa⁶, waa⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wa⁶, wa⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waː²²/, /waː²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōa
  - Tâi-lô: huā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoa
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hua²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hua⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôa
  - Tâi-lô: huâ
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoaa
  - IPA (Taipei): /hua²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hua²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hua⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hua⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: hwae, hwaeH

Rime
Character	樺	樺
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	戸花切	胡化切
Baxter	hwae	hwaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠua/	/ɦˠua^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚa/	/ɦʷᵚa^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣua/	/ɣua^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨ/	/ɦwaɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ɣua/	/ɣua^H/
Wang Li	/ɣwa/	/ɣwa^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwa/	/ɣwa^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huá	huà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waa⁴	waa⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraː/, /*ɡʷraːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樺	樺
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5310	5317
Phonetic component	華	華
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	華	摦
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷraː/	/*ɡʷraːs/

Definitions

樺

birch

Compounds

樺太／桦太 (Huàtài)
樺木／桦木 (huàmù)
樺燭／桦烛
樺皮臉／桦皮脸
白樺／白桦 (báihuà)

Japanese

Kanji

樺

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: げ (ge)
Kan-on: か (ka)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kun: かば (kaba, 樺)

Compounds

樺太(からふと) (Karafuto)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
樺
かば Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Alternative spellings
カバ椛

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

樺(かば) • (kaba)

birch

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カバ.

Korean

Hanja

樺 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

birch

Synonyms

檀, 橽
자작나무 (jajangnamu)

Compounds

백화 (白樺, baekhwa, “Asian white birch”)

Vietnamese

Han character

樺: Hán Nôm readings: hoa

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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