曷

曷	U+66F7, 曷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F7

← 曶
[U+66F6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

書 →
[U+66F8]

Translingual

Han character

曷 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 日心女人 (APVO), four-corner 6072₇, composition ⿱曰匃)

Derived characters

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 502, character 10

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14290

Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 15

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1502, character 10

Unihan data for U+66F7

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曷
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
愒	kʰaːds, kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	qaːds, qaːd
餲	qraːds, qrads, ɡaːd, qaːd
喝	qraːds, qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	kʰrads, ked, kʰrad, ɡrad, kad, ɡad
偈	ɡrads, ɡrad
猲	kʰob, qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	klaːd, rab
渴	kʰaːd, ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	qʰaːd, qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	ɡaːd, ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	kʰreːd, kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	kʰraːd, ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	ɡrad, ɡad
碣	ɡrad, ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Shuowen Jiezi: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːd) : phonetic 匃 () + semantic 曰

Etymology

Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”). See there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hé (he²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hot³, hot⁶
Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): hat

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hé
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hé
  - Wade–Giles: ho²
  - Yale: hé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
  - Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hot³, hot⁶
  - Yale: hot, hoht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hot⁸, hot⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hod³, hod⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːt̚³/, /hɔːt̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hat
  - Tâi-lô: hat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: had
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hat̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hat̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hat̚³²/

Middle Chinese: hat

Rime
Character	曷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	寒 (63)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡葛切
Baxter	hat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦat̚/
Li Rong	/ɣɑt̚/
Wang Li	/ɣɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hot⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤat/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	曷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ hat ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁat/
English	what
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	曷
Reading #	1/1
No.	5030
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	曷
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːd/

Definitions

曷

^† why; what; where; how; when
時日曷喪，予及汝皆亡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
时日曷丧，予及汝皆亡。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE
Shí rì hé sàng, yǔ jí rǔ jiē wáng. [Pinyin]
When [will] this sun die? I [shall] die with you.

汝曷弗告朕，而胥動以浮言，恐沈于眾？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
汝曷弗告朕，而胥动以浮言，恐沈于众？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE
Rǔ hé fú gào zhèn, ér xū dòng yǐ fúyán, kǒng shěn yú zhòng? [Pinyin]
Why do you not report (their words) to me, but go about to excite one another by empty speeches, frightening and involving the multitudes in misery?

苟不學，曷為人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
苟不学，曷为人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Three Character Classic, circa 13^th century CE
Gǒu bù xué, hé wéi rén. [Pinyin]
If [foolishly] you do not study, how can you become men?

Synonyms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Compounds

曷嘗／曷尝
曷爲／曷为
曷若
曷鼻

References

“曷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Query for 曷”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

曷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): かつ (katsu)

Kun: なに (nani); なんぞ (nanzo); いずくんぞ (izukunzo)

Korean

Hanja

曷 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)

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Vietnamese

Han character

曷: Hán Nôm readings: hạt, hột

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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