如今

Chinese

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): rújīn

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄣ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вуҗин (vužin, I-II) / вуҗин (vužin, I-0)
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ gam¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì-kîm / yì-kîn
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lû-kim / jû-kim / jî-kim / lîr-kim

(Teochew, Peng'im): ru⁵ gim¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rújīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rújin
  - Wade–Giles: ju²-chin¹
  - Yale: rú-jīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rujin
  - Palladius: жуцзинь (žuczinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вуҗин (vužin, I-II) / вуҗин (vužin, I-0)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vou²⁴ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/, /vou²⁴ t͡ɕiŋ⁰/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴ gam¹
  - Yale: yùh gām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ gam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ gem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ kɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: iˇ gim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi² gim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ kim²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ gin´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi² gin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹ kin²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-kim
  - Tâi-lô: lû-kim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lu'kym
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lu²⁴⁻²² kim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /lu²⁴⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lu²⁴⁻¹¹ kim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lu²⁴⁻²² kim³³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-kim
  - Tâi-lô: jû-kim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ju'kym
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zu¹³⁻²² kim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ kim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî-kim
  - Tâi-lô: jî-kim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ji'kym
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑi²³⁻³³ kim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîr-kim
  - Tâi-lô: lîr-kim
  - IPA (Singapore): /lɯ²⁴⁻²¹ kim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ²⁴⁻²² kim³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ru⁵ gim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû kim
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kim³³/

Middle Chinese: nyo|nyoH kim

Rime
Character	如	如	今
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	日 (38)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	人諸切	人恕切	居吟切
Baxter	nyo	nyoH	kim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨʌ/	/ȵɨʌ^H/	/kˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/	/kᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɔ/	/ȵʑiɔ^H/	/kiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨə̆/	/ȵɨə̆^H/	/kjim/
Li Rong	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/	/kjəm/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭo/	/ȵʑĭo^H/	/kĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯wo/	/ȵʑi̯wo^H/	/ki̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú	rù	jīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴	jyu⁶	gam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*na [k]r[ə]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*nja|njas krɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	如	今
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rú	jīn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyo ›	‹ kim ›
Old Chinese	/*na/	/*[k]r[ə]m/
English	as, like, if	now
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	如	如	今
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	9623	9631	6599
Phonetic component	女	女	今
Rime group	魚	魚	侵
Rime subdivision	0	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	如	洳	金
Old Chinese	/*nja/	/*njas/	/*krɯm/
Notes			文源謂含初文

Noun

如今

nowadays; now

Synonyms

於今／于今 (yújīn)

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

事到如今 (shìdàorújīn)
如今晚兒／如今晚儿
曾著賣糖君子哄，如今不信口甜人／曾著卖糖君子哄，如今不信口甜人 (céng zhāo mài táng jūnzǐ hǒng, rújīn bùxìn kǒutián rén)

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.