U+7518, 甘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7518

[U+7517]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7519]
U+2F62, ⽢
KANGXI RADICAL SWEET

[U+2F61]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F63]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 99, 甘+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 廿一 (TM), four-corner 44770, composition 廿)

  1. Kangxi radical #99, .

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 753, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21643
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2413, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7518

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
 
𠙿
𠁿
𠮚
𤮺
𠙸
𠙿
𠁿
𠮚
𤮺
𠙸
𭺪
𭺫

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogram (指事) – something in the mouth, sweet. Original form of .

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-klum (sweet) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thlum, Lepcha [script needed] (khlyam).

Possibly related to (OC *ɡɯːm, “to keep in mouth”) and (OC *l'iːm, “sweet”), (MC kam, “mandarin orange”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kam - literary;
  • kaⁿ - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter kam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑm/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑm/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kam/
Li
Rong
/kɑm/
Wang
Li
/kɑm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gam1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gān
Middle
Chinese
‹ kam ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁ[a]m/
English sweet

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3652
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kaːm/

Definitions

  1. sweet
       gāntián   sweet
       gānzhe   sugar cane
  2. pleasant; satisfactory
  3. willingly; readily
       gānxīn   to be willing to
       gānyuàn   willingly
  4. (Cantonese, ironic) bitter; difficult to bear
    [Cantonese]   syu1 dou3 hou2 gam1 [Jyutping]   to lose tremendously
    𨃩𨃩 [Cantonese]   bei2 jan4 sin3 wok6 gam1 [Jyutping]   (figurative) to be completely fooled
    [Cantonese]   nei1 wok6 gam1 [Jyutping]   It's troublesome this time
    新鮮 [Cantonese, trad.]
    新鲜 [Cantonese, simp.]
    wok6 wok6 san1 sin1 wok6 wok6 gam1 [Jyutping]
    making trouble every time
  5. a surname
       Gān Níng   Gan Ning (military general serving under Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty)
  6. Short for 甘肅甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”).
    Synonym: (lǒng)

Synonyms

  • (sweet):

Antonyms

  • (sweet): ()

Compounds

  • 不甘 (bùgān)
  • 不甘寂寞 (bùgānjìmò)
  • 不甘後人不甘后人 (bùgānhòurén)
  • 不甘心
  • 不甘示弱 (bùgānshìruò)
  • 不甘雌伏
  • 不甘食貧不甘食贫
  • 不知甘苦
  • 供膳甘肥
  • 倒吃甘蔗
  • 分甘
  • 分甘共苦
  • 同甘共苦 (tónggāngòngkǔ)
  • 同甘同苦
  • 善罷甘休善罢甘休 (shànbàgānxiū)
  • 嚥苦吞甘咽苦吞甘
  • 回甘 (huígān)
  • 幣厚言甘币厚言甘
  • 幣重言甘币重言甘
  • 心甘情願心甘情愿 (xīngānqíngyuàn)
  • 旨甘
  • 普降甘霖
  • 樂貧甘賤乐贫甘贱
  • 沛雨甘霖
  • 爐甘石炉甘石 (lúgānshí)
  • 甘之如薺甘之如荠
  • 甘之如飴甘之如饴 (gānzhīrúyí)
  • 甘之若素
  • 甘之若飴甘之若饴
  • 甘井先竭 (gānjǐngxiānjié)
  • 甘休 (gānxiū)
  • 甘伏
  • 甘冒虎口
  • 甘冽
  • 甘分
  • 甘分隨時甘分随时
  • 甘加 (Gānjiā)
  • 甘受 (gānshòu)
  • 甘味 (gānwèi)
  • 甘地主義甘地主义
  • 甘塘坳 (Gāntáng'ào)
  • 甘始
  • 甘孜 (Gānzī)
  • 甘孜藏族自治州 (Gānzī Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu)
  • 甘家廠甘家厂 (Gānjiāchǎng)
  • 甘居中游
  • 甘心 (gānxīn)
  • 甘心如薺甘心如荠
  • 甘心情願甘心情愿
  • 甘心瞑目
  • 甘心鈇鉞甘心𫓧钺
  • 甘拜下風甘拜下风 (gānbàixiàfēng)
  • 甘旨
  • 甘旨肥濃甘旨肥浓
  • 甘服
  • 甘木 (Gānmù)
  • 甘棠 (gāntáng)
  • 甘棠之惠
  • 甘棠有蔭甘棠有荫
  • 甘棠遺愛甘棠遗爱
  • 甘死如飴甘死如饴 (gānsǐrúyí)
  • 甘比亞甘比亚 (Gānbǐyà)
  • 甘毳
  • 甘水
  • 甘油 (gānyóu)
  • 甘泉 (gānquán)
  • 甘泉必竭
  • 甘涼甘凉
  • 甘珠爾甘珠尔
  • 甘瓜苦蒂
  • 甘甜 (gāntián)
  • 甘盡苦來甘尽苦来
  • 甘納豆甘纳豆
  • 甘紫菜
  • 甘結甘结 (gānjié)
  • 甘羅甘罗
  • 甘美 (gānměi)
  • 甘羞
  • 甘肅甘肃 (Gānsù)
  • 甘脆 (gāncuì)
  • 甘膬
  • 甘芳
  • 甘苦 (gānkǔ)
  • 甘茂
  • 甘草 (gāncǎo)
  • 甘草人物
  • 甘草粉
  • 甘菊 (gānjú)
  • 甘蔗
  • 甘蔗板
  • 甘蔗顛子甘蔗颠子
  • 甘蕉 (gānjiāo)
  • 甘藍甘蓝 (gānlán)
  • 甘薯 (gānshǔ)
  • 甘薯簽甘薯签
  • 甘薯葉甘薯叶
  • 甘藷甘薯 (gānshǔ)
  • 甘處下流甘处下流
  • 甘蠅甘蝇
  • 甘言 (gānyán)
  • 甘言厚幣甘言厚币
  • 甘言厚禮甘言厚礼
  • 甘言好辭甘言好辞
  • 甘言巧辭甘言巧辞
  • 甘言美語甘言美语
  • 甘谷 (Gāngǔ)
  • 甘貧守分甘贫守分
  • 甘貧守志甘贫守志
  • 甘貧守節甘贫守节
  • 甘貧樂道甘贫乐道
  • 甘迺迪角
  • 甘醴
  • 甘限
  • 甘雨 (gānyǔ)
  • 甘雨隨車甘雨随车
  • 甘霖 (gānlín)
  • 甘露 (gānlù)
  • 甘露之變甘露之变
  • 甘露子
  • 甘露水漿甘露水浆
  • 甘露法雨
  • 甘露滋心
  • 甘願甘愿 (gānyuàn)
  • 甘食褕衣
  • 甘馨之費甘馨之费
  • 甘鮮甘鲜
  • 甜甘
  • 硝化甘油 (xiāohuàgānyóu)
  • 結球甘藍结球甘蓝 (jiéqiú gānlán)
  • 絕甘分少绝甘分少
  • 美甘甘
  • 美食甘寢美食甘寝
  • 肥甘
  • 自甘墮落自甘堕落
  • 苦盡甘來苦尽甘来 (kǔjìngānlái)
  • 荒漠甘泉
  • 莫甘
  • 蒲甘 (Púgān)
  • 蔫甘
  • 褕衣甘食
  • 誓不甘休
  • 輸服甘結输服甘结
  • 食不求甘
  • 食不甘味
  • 飫甘饜肥饫甘餍肥
  • 黃甘甘黄甘甘

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. sweet

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
かん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC kam).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kã̠ɴ]
  • IPA(key): [a̠ma̠i]

Affix

(かん) • (kan) 

  1. delicious
  2. sweet-tasting; sweet
  3. pleasant; pleased; content

Derived terms

Korean

Hanja

• (gam) (hangeul , revised gam, McCuneReischauer kam, Yale kam)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: cam

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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