जाति

See also: जाता, जंतु, ज़ात, जीत, जूता, ज़ाती, and जाती

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit जाति (jātí).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɑː.t̪iː/, [d͡ʒäː.t̪iː]

Noun

जाति • (jāti) f (Urdu spelling جاتی‎)

birth
caste; subcaste, community; community placed in at birth
high caste
race
(taxonomy) species
tribe, nationality, lineage

Declension

Declension of जाति (fem i-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	जाति jāti	जातियाँ jātiyā̃
oblique	जाति jāti	जातियों jātiyõ
vocative	जाति jāti	जातियो jātiyo

Derived terms

जातिगत (jātigat)
जातिवाद (jātivād)
जाति ना पूछो साधु की; पूछ लीजिए ज्ञान (jāti nā pūcho sādhu kī; pūch lījie jñān)

Related terms

(Taxonomy) वर्गिकी (vargikī); प्रक्षेत्र (prakṣetra), अधिजगत (adhijgat, “domain”), जगत (jagat, “kingdom”), संघ (saṅgh, “phylum”), वर्ग (varg, “class”), गण (gaṇ, “order”), कुल (kul, “family”), वंश (vañś, “genus”), जाति (jāti, “species”) ^{(Category: hi:Taxonomy)}

Nepali

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d͡zät̪i]

Phonetic Devanagari: जाति

Noun

जाति • (jāti)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

jāti (Latin script)
𑀚𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
জাতি (Bengali script)
ජාති (Sinhalese script)
ဇာတိ or ၹႃတိ (Burmese script)
ชาติ (Thai script)
ᨩᩣᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
ຊາຕິ (Lao script)
ជាតិ (Khmer script)
𑄎𑄂𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

Noun

जाति f

Devanagari script form of jāti

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

ᬚᬵᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
জাতি (Assamese script)
জাতি (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰯𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
𑌜𑌾𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
જાતિ (Gujarati script)
ਜਾਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦗꦴꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
ជាតិ (Khmer script)
ಜಾತಿ (Kannada script)
ຊາຕິ (Lao script)
ജാതി (Malayalam script)
𑘕𑘰𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠽᠠᢗᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
ဇာတိ (Burmese script)
𑦵𑧑𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑐵𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଜାତି (Odia script)
ꢙꢵꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆳𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖯𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ජාති (Sinhalese script)
ஜாதி (Tamil script)
జాతి (Telugu script)
ชาติ (Thai script)
ཛཱ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒰𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́aHtíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́áHtiš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth, production”). Cognate with Latin gēns, Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), Proto-Germanic *kinþiz.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.tí/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɑː.t̪i/

Noun

जाति • (jātí) stem, f

birth, production
rebirth
the form of existence (as man, animal, etc.) fixed by birth
position assigned by birth, rank, caste, family, race, lineage
kind, genus (opposed to species), species (opposed to individual), class
the generic properties (opposed to the specific ones)
the character of a species, genuine or true state of anything
reduction of fractions to a common denominator
a self-confuting reply (founded merely on similarity or dissimilarity)
a particular figure of speech
a class of metres
a manner of singing
fireplace
mace, nutmeg

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of जाति (jātí)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	जातिः jātíḥ	जाती jātī́	जातयः jātáyaḥ
Vocative	जाते jā́te	जाती jā́tī	जातयः jā́tayaḥ
Accusative	जातिम् jātím	जाती jātī́	जातीः jātī́ḥ
Instrumental	जात्या jātyā̀	जातिभ्याम् jātíbhyām	जातिभिः jātíbhiḥ
Dative	जातये / जात्ये¹ / जात्यै² jātáye / jātyè¹ / jātyaì²	जातिभ्याम् jātíbhyām	जातिभ्यः jātíbhyaḥ
Ablative	जातेः / जात्याः² jātéḥ / jātyā̀ḥ²	जातिभ्याम् jātíbhyām	जातिभ्यः jātíbhyaḥ
Genitive	जातेः / जात्याः² jātéḥ / jātyā̀ḥ²	जात्योः jātyóḥ	जातीनाम् jātīnā́m
Locative	जातौ / जात्याम्² jātaú / jātyā̀m²	जात्योः jātyóḥ	जातिषु jātíṣu
Notes	¹Less common ²Later Sanskrit

Borrowed terms

English: jati
Gujarati: જાત (jāt), જાતિ (jāti)
Hindi: जाति (jāti)
Khmer: ជាតិ (ciət)
Lao: ຊາດ (sāt)
Malay: jadi, jati
→ Cebuano: yati
→ Tagalog: yari
Nepali: जाति (jāti)
→ Old Javanese: jāti, jati (see there for further descendants)
Pali: jāti
Tamil: சாதி (cāti), ஜாதி (jāti)
Telugu: జాతి (jāti)
- Thai: ญาติ (yâat), ชาติ (châat)

References

Milena Hübschmannová (February 2002), “Jati (Caste)”, in ROMBASE Cultural Database‎, Prague, archived from the original on 2021-08-19

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