zfṯ

See also: zft

Egyptian

Etymology

Related to zf (“to slaughter, cut up”), zft (“sword, knife”).

Pronunciation

(verb): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈzaːfac/ → /ˈsaːfaʔ/ → /ˈsaːfa/ → /ˈsoːfə/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /zɛfɛt͡ʃ/
- Conventional anglicization: zefetj

Verb

3-lit.

(transitive) to slaughter, to butcher (animals) [since the Old Kingdom]
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 144–146:
  
  zft.j n.k kꜣw m zj n sḏt wšn.n.j n.k ꜣpdw
  I will slaughter bulls for you as a burnt offering, having wrung the necks of birds for you.
(transitive) to kill (enemies) in battle [since the New Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of zfṯ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: zfṯ, geminated stem: zfṯṯ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	zfṯt	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	ḥr zfṯ	m zfṯ	r zfṯ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	zfṯ.n	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	consecutive	zfṯ.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	zfṯ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	zfṯt
perfective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	zfṯ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	zfṯ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	zfṯṯ	potentialis¹	zfṯ.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³		active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	zfṯ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	—	zfṯtj⁴, zfṯt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zfṯ

zft

[since the Middle Kingdom]

Derived terms

zfṯyw

Noun

m

butcher

Inflection

Declension of zfṯ (masculine)

singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual	zfṯwj
plural	zfṯw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of zfṯ

sft

[New Kingdom]

References

Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 443.15–444.2
Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 225
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 332.

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