wsḫ

See also: WSH

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛsɛx/
- Conventional anglicization: wesekh

Etymology 1

Sometimes hypothesized to be from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *wsɣ; compare Arabic وَسُعَ‎ (wasuʕa, “to be wide”), Arabic وَسِعَ‎ (wasiʕa, “to be wide”).[1]

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to be(come) broad, to be(come) wide
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.1–1.2:
  
  wn ẖn n grw wsḫ st nt hr m mdww
  The tent is open to the quiet man; the place of the man calm in speech is broad.[2]
(intransitive, of movements) to be(come) extensive, wide-ranging
(intransitive) to be(come) abundant, extensive, rich (+ m: in)
(intransitive, of names) to be(come) renowned, widely known, famous
(intransitive, impersonal, with n) to have space for (someone)

Inflection

Conjugation of wsḫ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wsḫ, geminated stem: wsḫḫ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	wsḫt	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	ḥr wsḫ	m wsḫ	r wsḫ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	wsḫ.n	consecutive	wsḫ.jn
terminative	wsḫt	consecutive	wsḫ.jn
perfective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	obligative¹	wsḫ.ḫr
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	obligative¹	wsḫ.ḫr
prospective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	potentialis¹	wsḫ.kꜣ
subjunctive	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	potentialis¹	wsḫ.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	wsḫ.n	—	—
perfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	wsḫtj⁴, wsḫt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

swsḫ

Descendants

Demotic: wsh̭, wsš
- Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲥ̄ (ouōšs̄)

Adjective

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value); broad, wide
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value); broad, wide

Inflection

Declension of wsḫ (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	wsḫt
dual	wsḫwj	wsḫtj
plural	wsḫw	wsḫwt¹, wsḫt²
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Declension of wsḫ (imperfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	wsḫt
dual	wsḫwj, wsḫjwj, wsḫywj	wsḫtj
plural	wsḫw, wsḫjw, wsḫyw	wsḫwt¹, wsḫt²
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Noun

m

breadth, width

Inflection

Declension of wsḫ (masculine)

singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual	wsḫwj
plural	wsḫw

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Noun

m

broad collar or necklace [since the Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Declension of wsḫ (masculine)

singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual	wsḫwj
plural	wsḫw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Noun

m

barge

Inflection

Declension of wsḫ (masculine)

singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual	wsḫwj
plural	wsḫw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

References

“wsḫ (lemma ID 49800)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
“wsḫ (lemma ID 49820)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
“wsḫ (lemma ID 49840)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 364.11–365.12, 365.16–366.2
Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 69
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 83, 125, 135.
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 112

Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35
Alternatively, taking

as imperative (j)m: ‘…the place of the calm man is broad. Don’t speak!’ The first clause can also be interpreted in two different ways. If

represents the preposition n, then ‘The tent is open to the quiet man’; but if it represents the genitival adjective n(j), then ‘The tent of the quiet man is open’. The first interpretation is more appealing semantically, but the second is favored by parallelism with the following clause.

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[1] Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35

[2] Alternatively, taking

as imperative (j)m: ‘…the place of the calm man is broad. Don’t speak!’ The first clause can also be interpreted in two different ways. If

represents the preposition n, then ‘The tent is open to the quiet man’; but if it represents the genitival adjective n(j), then ‘The tent of the quiet man is open’. The first interpretation is more appealing semantically, but the second is favored by parallelism with the following clause.