wꜣḏ

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *wrḳ-.[1] If so, cognate with Proto-Semitic *waraq- (“green”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (verb): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːʀacʼ/ → /ˈwaːʀatʼ/ → /ˈwaːʔətʼ/ → /ˈwoːʔətʼ/
 
  • (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːʀicʼ/ → /ˈwaːʀitʼ/ → /ˈwaːʔətʼ/ → /ˈwoːʔətʼ/

Noun
wAD

 m

  1. papyrus stem (with an umbel)
  2. symbol of Lower Egypt

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Noun
O206

 m

  1. (usually in the plural) a papyriform column or pillar

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Noun
wADZ1
O39

 m

  1. a papyrus-stem-shaped amulet conveying freshness and vigour

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Verb
wADD
Y1

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) green
  2. (intransitive) to be(come) fresh
  3. (intransitive) to thrive, to flourish

Inflection
Conjugation of wꜣḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wꜣḏ, geminated stem: wꜣḏḏ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 wꜣḏt
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 ḥr wꜣḏ
 m wꜣḏ
 r wꜣḏ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect wꜣḏ.n
 consecutive wꜣḏ.jn
terminative wꜣḏt
perfective3 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 obligative1 wꜣḏ.ḫr
imperfective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective3 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 potentialis1 wꜣḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect wꜣḏ.n
 — —
perfective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 wꜣḏtj4, wꜣḏt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)

Adjective
wADD
Y1
  1. Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value): green, fresh, thriving, vigorous

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (perfective active participle)
masculine feminine
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 wꜣḏt
dual wꜣḏwj
 wꜣḏtj
plural wꜣḏw
 wꜣḏwt1, wꜣḏt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Derived terms

See under the verb above.

Descendants
  • Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)

See also
Colors in Egyptian ·
iwn
n		 nwwD3
Z2
(jwnw) (layout · text)
basic colors             
HDD&ra
 (ḥḏ)		             
kmmD3
 (km)		                 
d
S		 rG27
 (dšr)		                  Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
nonbasic colors         
q
n		 it
N33A
(qnjt)		             
xsbDN33C
 (ḫsbḏ)		         
iir
t		 tywN33C
Z2ss
(jrtjw)

Noun
wADZ1
O39

 m

  1. malachite

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Noun
wADD
Y1		 A1

 m

  1. the happy or fortunate

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Noun
wAD

 m

  1. offspring, generally in reference to the king as son of a god or Horus as son of Osiris

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Noun
wADM2
Z2

 m

  1. green plants in general

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Noun
M14U9

 m

  1. grain

Inflection
Declension of wꜣḏ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual wꜣḏwj
plural wꜣḏw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

References
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 31–32
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