sweren

From Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.

swēren

1. to swear, to declare solemnly
2. to swear, to curse

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• swerren

• Dutch: zweren
  • Afrikaans: sweer
  • Negerhollands: sweer
• Limburgish: zwaere

From Old Dutch *sweran, from Proto-Germanic *sweraną.

swēren

1. to hurt, to be painful

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• Dutch: zweren

• “sweren (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “sweren (IV)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “sweren (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “sweren (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

• swerien, swerie, swern, sweryn, zuerie, sweriȝen, swerye, swere, sueren

From Old English swerian, from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną; a cognate of Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value), Old Swedish sværia, Old Danish swæriæ, Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value), and Middle High German swern.

• IPA^(key): /ˈswɛːrən/, /ˈswɛːriən/

sweren

1. To swear to do something; to make an oral binding statement.
   1. To swear while laying hands on something as confirmation.
   2. To swear by using a deity or divinity as witness.
   3. To swear to remain truthful, honest and trustworthy.
   4. To swear to adhere or remain faithful to a given person.
   5. (rare) To give approval or permission by swearing.
2. To give witness in a legal or judicial context.
3. To curse; to utter swearwords (especially as part of a promise)
4. To approve or affirm an oral binding statement.
5. To form a conspiracy or secret pact; to effect covertly.
6. To make a decisive and important statement or claim.
7. (rare) To claim or exclaim; to state.
8. (rare) To lay the foundation for a religion.

Occasional weak forms are also found throughout the Middle English period.

Lua error: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

• forsweren
• swerer
• sweryng

• English: swear
• Scots: swer, swere, sweir

• “swēren, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-12-3.

From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną.

sweren

1. to swear (an oath)

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• bisweren

• Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

• “sweren”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

• swerien, swerren

From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, whence also Old Saxon swerian, Old English swerian, Old Norse sverja, Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (swaran). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swer-.

sweren

1. to swear

• Middle High German: swern
  • Alemannic German: schwere
  • German: schwören
  • Luxembourgish: schwieren