sustenir

Ladin

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sustenīre, from Latin sustinēre, present active infinitive of sustineō.

Verb

sustenir

  1. To support, sustain

Conjugation
  • Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of sustenir (fourth conjugation)
infinitive sustenir, sustenì
auxiliary verb avei gerund sustenian
past participle sustenì
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie tu el / ela nos vos ei / eles
present sustene, sustenesce sustenes, sustenesces susten, sustenesc sustenion sustenieis susten, sustenesc
imperfect sustenive sustenives susteniva sustenivan sustenivais susteniva
future susteniré susteniras sustenirà susteniron sustenireis sustenirà
subjunctive che ie che tu che el / ela che nos che vos che ei / eles
present sustene, sustenesce sustenes, sustenesces sustene, sustenesce sustenion sustenieis sustene, sustenesce
imperfect sustenisse sustenisses sustenissa sustenissan sustenissais sustenissa
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— susten, sustenesc — sustenion sustenide —

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sustenīre, from Latin sustinēre, present active infinitive of sustineō.

Verb

sustenir

  1. to hold up; to support
  2. (by extension) to support; to sustain

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem sustien distinct from the unstressed stem susten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of sustenir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive sustenir avoir sustenu
gerund en sustenant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle sustenant
past participle sustenu
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present sustieng, sustien sustiens sustient sustenons sustenez sustienent
imperfect sustenoie, susteneie sustenoies, susteneies sustenoit, susteneit susteniiens, susteniens susteniiez, susteniez sustenoient, susteneient
preterite sustin sustenis sustint sustenimes sustenistes sustindrent, sustinrent
future sustendrai sustendras sustendra sustendrons sustendroiz, sustendreiz, sustendrez sustendront
conditional sustendroie, sustendreie sustendroies, sustendreies sustendroit, sustendreit sustendriiens, sustendriens sustendriiez, sustendriez sustendroient, sustendreient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present sustiegne sustiegnes sustiegne sustiegniens, sustiegnons sustiegniez sustiegnent
imperfect sustenisse sustenisses sustenist sustenissons, sustenissiens sustenissoiz, sustenissez, sustenissiez sustenissent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— sustien — sustenons sustenez —

Descendants
  • English: to sustain
  • Middle French: soustenir
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