qd

See also: QD

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼoːtʼ/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛd/
- Conventional anglicization: qed

Verb

2-lit.

(transitive) to build

Inflection

Conjugation of qd (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: qd, geminated stem: qdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	qdt	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	ḥr qd	m qd	r qd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	qd.n	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	consecutive	qd.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	qd.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	qdt
perfective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	qd.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	qd.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	qdd	potentialis¹	qd.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³		active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	qd.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	—	qdtj⁴, qdt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

jqdw

Descendants

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)

Noun

m

Inflection

Declension of qd (masculine)

singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual	qdwj
plural	qdw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35, 232, 391.
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 84
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
"qd (to build)" at Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (162420); "qd (form)" at Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (162430)

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