perä
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *perä, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *perä. Cognates include Estonian pära, Karelian perä, Livonian piera, Erzya пря (pŕa, “head”), пиря (piŕa, “wall, head (poetic)”), Komi-Permyak бӧр (bör) and Udmurt бер (ber).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈperæ/, [ˈpe̞ræ]
- Rhymes: -eræ
- Syllabification(key): pe‧rä
Noun
perä
- rear, back, tail end (aft part of anything)
- far end or side of something (like of a room, hallway, etc.)
- butt (blunt end of anything, especially that of a gun)
- kiväärinperä ― rifle butt
- (dialectal) neighbourhood
- tällä perällä ― in this neighbourhood
- (figuratively) basis, grounds, reality, truth, facts
- perätön ― untrue
- Onko hänen puheissaan mitään perää?
- Is there any truth in what he says?
- (colloquial, anatomy) bottom, behind
- (colloquial, in the plural) remainder, leftovers
- keiton perät ― leftovers of a soup
- (archaic, now only in compounds) ground
- maaperä ― soil
- kallioperä ― bedrock
- suoperäinen ― originating from a swamp
- järkiperäinen ― rational
Declension
Inflection of perä (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | perä | perät | ||
genitive | perän | perien | ||
partitive | perää | periä | ||
illative | perään | periin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | perä | perät | ||
accusative | nom. | perä | perät | |
gen. | perän | |||
genitive | perän | perien peräinrare | ||
partitive | perää | periä | ||
inessive | perässä | perissä | ||
elative | perästä | peristä | ||
illative | perään | periin | ||
adessive | perällä | perillä | ||
ablative | perältä | periltä | ||
allative | perälle | perille | ||
essive | peränä | perinä | ||
translative | peräksi | periksi | ||
abessive | perättä | perittä | ||
instructive | — | perin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of perä (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
Derived terms
- adjectives: perempi, -peräinen, perätön
- adverbs: perille, perillä, peräisin, perässä, perästä, peräti, perään
- phrases: antaa periksi (“to give up”), alun perin, perin pohjin, perin juurin
- nouns: (*pereš → *pereh →) perhe
- verbs: perätä, peräytyä, perääntyä
Related terms
Further reading
- “perä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈperæ/, [ˈpe̞ræ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈperæ/, [ˈpe̞ræ]
- Rhymes: -eræ
- Hyphenation: pe‧rä
Declension
Declension of perä (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | perä | perät |
genitive | perän | perriin |
partitive | perrää | perriä |
illative | perrää | perrii |
inessive | peräs | peris |
elative | peräst | perist |
allative | perälle | perille |
adessive | peräl | peril |
ablative | perält | perilt |
translative | peräks | periks |
essive | perännä, perrään | perinnä, perriin |
exessive1) | peränt | perint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Related terms
- pers (“butt, arse”)
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 400
Karelian
Võro
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *perä.
Inflection
Inflection of perä
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | perä | peräq |
accusative | perä | peräq |
genitive | perä | perri |
partitive | perrä | perri |
illative | perrä | perri perrihe |
inessive | perän perähn |
perin perrin perihn perrihn |
elative | peräst | perist perrist |
allative | peräle | perile perrile |
adessive | peräl | peril perril |
ablative | perält | perilt perrilt |
translative | peräs | peris perris |
terminative | peräniq | periniq perriniq |
abessive | peräldäq | perildäq perrildäq |
comitative | perägäq | perrigäq |
Derived terms
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *perä.
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈperæ/, [ˈperʲæ]
- Rhymes: -eræ
- Hyphenation: pe‧rä
Noun
perä
Inflection
Declension of perä (type VIII/päive, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | perä | peräd |
genitive | perä | perije, perii |
partitive | perrä | periite, perii |
illative | perräse, perrä | periise |
inessive | peräz | periiz |
elative | perässe | periisse |
allative | peräle | periile |
adessive | perälle | periille |
ablative | perälte | periilte |
translative | perässi | periissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References
- Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “perä”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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