niech
See also: niéch
Old Polish
Particle
niech
- (hortative) Forms third person imperative; let
- Synonyms: niecha, niechaj
- 1858 [c. 1408], “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, page 145:
- Tak, yako napyszano, nyech stoy
- [Tak jako napisano, niech stoi]
References
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “niech”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “niech”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “niech”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish niech. By surface analysis, clipping of niechaj. Compare Czech nechť, Serbo-Croatian neka, Ukrainian неха́й (nexáj) and Upper Sorbian njech.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɲɛx/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈɲex/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛx
- Syllabification: niech
Particle
niech
- Forms the third person imperative in the singular and plural; let, may
- Niech moc będzie z tobą! ― May the force be with you!
- Niech cię Bóg błogosławi. ― God bless you.
- Forms the first person imperative in the singular; used only with perfective verbs; let, may
- Niech no pomyślę... ― Let me think...
- Niech zgadnę... ty jesteś John? ― Let me guess... you must be John?
- Expresses optative meaning; had better, may
- (sciences) let (used to specify the meaning of a variable)
- Synonym: gdzie
- Niech x oznacza... ― Let x signify...
- (Middle Polish) if only; only
- Synonym: tylko
Conjunction
niech
- (Middle Polish) Creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to
- (Middle Polish) Creates a conditional; if
- Synonym: jeśli
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), niech is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 8 times in scientific texts, 1 time in news, 12 times in essays, 60 times in fiction, and 219 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 300 times, making it the 168th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
Further reading
- niech in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- niech in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “niech”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish], 2010-2023
- Renata Bronikowska (29.12.2012), “NIECH”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “niech”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “niech”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “niech”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 261
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