gs

See also: Gs, GS, g's, G/S, .gs, g.s., G.S., G's, and ␝

English

Noun

gs

plural of g

Usage notes

Opinions vary regarding the use of apostrophes when forming the plurals of letters of the alphabet. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.

Anagrams

SG, Sg., sg, sg.

Egyptian

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /kʼas/ → /kʼas/ → /kʼas/ → /kʼas/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɡɛs/
- Conventional anglicization: ges

Noun

m

half [since the early Old Kingdom]
side [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Declension of gs (masculine)

singular	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual	gswj
plural	gsw

Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms

Descendants

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲟⲥ (čos)
Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲁⲥ (cas)
Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲟⲥ (cos)

Verb

2-lit.

(transitive) to oil, to anoint

Inflection

Conjugation of gs (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: gs, geminated stem: gss

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	gst	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	ḥr gs	m gs	r gs

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	gs.n	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	consecutive	gs.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	gs.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	gst
perfective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	gs.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	gs.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	gss	potentialis¹	gs.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³		active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	gs.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	active + .tj¹, .tw²	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective	Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)	—	gstj⁴, gst⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 105, 115, 273.
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

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