estre

See also: -estre

English

Etymology

From Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value).

Noun

estre (plural estres)

  1. (archaic or obsolete) The indoor layout or plan of a castle.
    • 1954, C. S. Lewis, chapter 15, in The Horse and His Boy, page 239:
      "And tomorrow, Cor," he added, "shalt come over all the castle with me and see the estres and mark all its strength and weakness: for it will be thine to guard when I'm gone."

See also

References

Anagrams

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

From Latin sum (infinitive: esse). Compare with estar.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɛs.trə/

Verb

estre

  1. to be

Conjugation
    Old Francoprovençal (Lyonnais, 13th and 14th centuries)
infinitive estre or esser
gerund estant
auxiliary estre or aveir
past participle masculine feminine
singular está está(e)
plural estás está(e)s
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative jo (j') tu el, illi nos vos il, elles
present soi, sui es, esses est sumos, esmos, emos estes sont, sunt
imperfect ero eres ere, eret eram, estiam eraz, estiaz erant, eirant, eront, erunt, estiant, estiont
preterite fui fus fu, fut fumos fustes furont, fuiront, fueront
future serei serés sera, ert, iert serem sereiz serant
conditional
present serin, serim seriés serit, serie seriam seriaz seriant, seriont, sariont, furant
past *furo *fures furet, *fure *furams *furaz, *furás furant
subjunctive jo (j') tu el, illi nos vos il, elles
present seio seies seit seiam seiez, seiz seiant, siant
imperfect fusso fusses fust fussaim, fussam fusseiz, fussiz fussant
inchoative imperfect fuso fuses fust fusam fuseiz fusant, fusiant, furant
imperative — te — nos vos —
seies seiem seiz

Descendants
  • Franco-Provençal: étre

See also

French

Alternative forms
  • eſtre

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɛtʁ/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

estre

  1. Archaic spelling of être.

Conjugation

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Anagrams

Galician

Verb

estre

  1. inflection of estrar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Hungarian

Etymology

est +‎ -re

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈɛʃtrɛ]
  • Hyphenation: est‧re

Noun

estre

  1. sublative singular of est

Middle French

Etymology

From Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value), conflated with Old French ester. Some forms additionally derive from sedēre (“to sit”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɛːtɾə/

Verb

estre

  1. to be

Conjugation
  • Like Modern French être, highly irregular.
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of estre
infinitive simple estre
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple estant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle esté
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present suis, suys, sui es est sommes estes sont
imperfect estois, estoys estois, estoys estoit, estoyt estions estiez estoyent, estoient
past historic fus fus fut fumes fustes furent
future seroi seras sera serons serez seront
conditional serois, seroys serois, seroys seroit, seroyt serions seriez seroient, seroyent
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present sois, soys sois, soys soit, soyt soyons soyez soyent, soient
imperfect fusse fusses fust fussions fussiez fussent
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — sois, soys — soyons soyez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Noun

estre m (plural estres)

  1. being (creature, entity)

Quotations
  • For quotations using this term, see Citations:estre.

Descendants
  • French: être
  • Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Old French
FWOTD – 10 July 2013

Etymology

From Early Medieval Latin essere, from Classical Latin esse. Not related to ester (< Latin stāre), but progressively confused with it.

Pronunciation
  • (classical) IPA(key): /ˈɛstɾə/
  • (late) IPA(key): /ˈɛːtɾə/

Verb

estre

  1. to be

Conjugation

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Quotations
  • For quotations using this term, see Citations:estre.

Descendants

(In many cases, merged with the outcomes of ester.)

  • Bourguignon: étre
  • Champenois: ètre
  • Franc-Comtois: étre
  • Gallo: ête
  • Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
  • Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
  • Norman: ête
  • Picard: ète
  • Walloon: esse

See also
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.