cear
Galician
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cẽar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cēnāre (“to dine”). Cognate with Portuguese cear and Spanish cenar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θeˈaɾ/, (western) /seˈaɾ/
Verb
cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)
- to dine
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cear | |||||
Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Gerund | ||||||
ceando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | ceo | ceas | cea | ceamos | ceades | cean |
Imperfect | ceaba | ceabas | ceaba | ceabamos | ceabades | ceaban |
Preterite | ceei | ceaches | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon |
Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearan |
Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán |
Conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | cee | cees | cee | ceemos | ceedes | ceen |
Imperfect | cease | ceases | cease | ceásemos | ceásedes | ceasen |
Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | cea | cee | ceemos | ceade | ceen | |
Negative (non) | non cees | non cee | non ceemos | non ceedes | non ceen |
1Less recommended.
Related terms
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cear, from Latin zelāre (“to be jealous of”). Cognate with Portuguese zelar and Spanish celar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /θeˈaɾ/, (western) /seˈaɾ/
Verb
cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cear | |||||
Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Gerund | ||||||
ceando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | ceo | ceas | cea | ceamos | ceades | cean |
Imperfect | ceaba | ceabas | ceaba | ceabamos | ceabades | ceaban |
Preterite | ceei | ceaches | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon |
Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearan |
Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán |
Conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | cee | cees | cee | ceemos | ceedes | ceen |
Imperfect | cease | ceases | cease | ceásemos | ceásedes | ceasen |
Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | cea | cee | ceemos | ceade | ceen | |
Negative (non) | non cees | non cee | non ceemos | non ceedes | non ceen |
1Less recommended.
Etymology 3
Unknown. Cognate with Portuguese ciar, Spanish ciar, Old Occitan siar.[1]
Alternative forms
- ciar, zuiar, zuír
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /seˈaɾ/
Verb
cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cear | |||||
Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Gerund | ||||||
ceando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | ceo | ceas | cea | ceamos | ceades | cean |
Imperfect | ceaba | ceabas | ceaba | ceabamos | ceabades | ceaban |
Preterite | ceei | ceaches | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearon |
Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearan |
Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearán |
Conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | cee | cees | cee | ceemos | ceedes | ceen |
Imperfect | cease | ceases | cease | ceásemos | ceásedes | ceasen |
Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearen |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | cea | cee | ceemos | ceade | ceen | |
Negative (non) | non cees | non cee | non ceemos | non ceedes | non ceen |
1Less recommended.
References
- “cear” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “cear” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “cear” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “cear” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “cear” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991), “ciar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Old Galician-Portuguese
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -aɾ
Conjugation
Note: Forms marked with an asterisk (*), if any, are unattested forms that are presumed to have existed verbally and were conjugated according to the Old Galician-Portuguese conjugation system. | |||||||||
infinitive | cear | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | ceando | ||||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
masculine | ceado | ceada | |||||||
feminine | ceados | ceadas | |||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | ceio1, ceo2 | ceias1, ceas2 | ceia1, cea2 | ceamos | ceades | ceiam1, cean2 | ||
imperfect | ceava | ceavas | ceava | ceavamos | ceavades | ceavam1, ceavan2 | |||
preterite | ceei | ceaste1, ceasche2 | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearom1, cearon2 | |||
pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearam1, cearan2 | |||
future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearám1, cearán2 | |||
conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearíam1, cearían2 | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | |||||||
present imperfect | imperfect of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
past anterior | preterite of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
subjunctive mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | ceie1, cee2 | ceies1, cees2 | ceie1, cee2 | ceemos | ceedes | ceiem1, ceen2 | ||
preterite | ceasse | ceasses | ceasse | ceassemos | ceassedes | ceassem1, ceassen2 | |||
future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem1, cearen2 | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
perfect future | future subjunctive of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
— | |||
affirmative | — | ceia1, cea2 | ceie1, cee2 | ceemos | ceade | — | |||
negative | — | nunca non ceies1, non cees2 | nunca non ceie1, non cee2 | nunca non ceemos | nunca non ceedes | — | |||
personal infinitive | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |||
cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem1, cearen2 | ||||
1 Less common in Galicia 2 Less common in Portugal 3 Its alternative form aver can be used as well. 4 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". |
Descendants
- Galician: cear
Further reading
Conjugation
Note: Forms marked with an asterisk (*), if any, are unattested forms that are presumed to have existed verbally and were conjugated according to the Old Galician-Portuguese conjugation system. | |||||||||
infinitive | cear | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | ceando | ||||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
masculine | ceado | ceada | |||||||
feminine | ceados | ceadas | |||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | ceio1, ceo2 | ceias1, ceas2 | ceia1, cea2 | ceamos | ceades | ceiam1, cean2 | ||
imperfect | ceava | ceavas | ceava | ceavamos | ceavades | ceavam1, ceavan2 | |||
preterite | ceei | ceaste1, ceasche2 | ceou | ceamos | ceastes | cearom1, cearon2 | |||
pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | cearamos | cearades | cearam1, cearan2 | |||
future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | cearedes | cearám1, cearán2 | |||
conditional | cearía | cearías | cearía | ceariamos | ceariades | cearíam1, cearían2 | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | |||||||
present imperfect | imperfect of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
past anterior | preterite of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
subjunctive mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | ceie1, cee2 | ceies1, cees2 | ceie1, cee2 | ceemos | ceedes | ceiem1, ceen2 | ||
preterite | ceasse | ceasses | ceasse | ceassemos | ceassedes | ceassem1, ceassen2 | |||
future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem1, cearen2 | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
perfect future | future subjunctive of haver3 or tẽer4 + past participle | ||||||||
imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
— | |||
affirmative | — | ceia1, cea2 | ceie1, cee2 | ceemos | ceade | — | |||
negative | — | nunca non ceies1, non cees2 | nunca non ceie1, non cee2 | nunca non ceemos | nunca non ceedes | — | |||
personal infinitive | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nós nós outros nós outras |
vós vós outros vós outras |
eles elas | |||
cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem1, cearen2 | ||||
1 Less common in Galicia 2 Less common in Portugal 3 Its alternative form aver can be used as well. 4 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". |
Portuguese
Etymology
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cẽar, from Latin cēnāre (“to dine”). Cognate with Galician cear, Spanish cenar and Italian cenare.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(h)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /seˈa(ɾ)/, /siˈa(ɾ)/ [sɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(χ)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /seˈa(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈsjaɾ/
Verb
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | cear | |||||
Personal | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem |
Gerund | ||||||
ceando | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ceado | ceados | ||||
Feminine | ceada | ceadas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | ceio | ceias | ceia | ceamos | ceais | ceiam |
Imperfect | ceava | ceavas | ceava | ceávamos | ceáveis | ceavam |
Preterite | ceei | ceaste | ceou | ceamos1, ceámos2 | ceastes | cearam |
Pluperfect | ceara | cearas | ceara | ceáramos | ceáreis | cearam |
Future | cearei | cearás | ceará | cearemos | ceareis | cearão |
Conditional | cearia | cearias | cearia | cearíamos | cearíeis | ceariam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | ceie | ceies | ceie | ceemos | ceeis | ceiem |
Imperfect | ceasse | ceasses | ceasse | ceássemos | ceásseis | ceassem |
Future | cear | ceares | cear | cearmos | ceardes | cearem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | ceia | ceie | ceemos | ceai | ceiem | |
Negative (não) | não ceies | não ceie | não ceemos | não ceeis | não ceiem |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.