caled

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh caled, from Proto-Celtic *kaletos (compare Breton calet, Middle Irish calath, calad), from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (hard). See Latin callum (a hard substance).

Pronunciation

  • (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈkalɛd/
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkaːlɛd/, /ˈkalɛd/
  • Rhymes: -alɛd

Adjective

caled (feminine singular caled, plural caledion, equative caleted, comparative caletach, superlative caletaf)

  1. hard (resistant to pressure)
    Mae'r bisgedi'n galed iawn
    The biscuits are very hard
    Antonym: meddal
  2. hard, difficult
    Mae'r gwaith yn galed iawn
    The work is very hard
    Synonym: anodd
    Synonym: hawdd

Derived terms

Noun

caled m (plural caledion or celyd)

  1. battle, hard struggle, distress; hard object
  2. miser, niggard

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
caled galed nghaled chaled
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), caled”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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