btꜣ

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /bɛtɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: beta

 m

1. immoral act, wrongdoing, sin [since the Book of the Dead]

   ― jwtj btꜣ.f ― innocent (person), (person) with no sins

   ― jrt btꜣ r.sn ― to commit a sin against them

   ― btꜣ ꜥꜣ n m(w)t ― an evil deed deserving of death (literally, “evil deed great unto death”)

   • c. 1250 BCE, Book of the Dead of Ani (British Museum EA10470) chapter 30B, speech of Thoth, column 6–7:

     nj gm.n.tw btꜣ.f nb

     No sin of his has been found.

2. illegal act, crime
3. harm, misfortune

This word is commonly found with an attached suffix pronoun referring to the perpetrator of the wrong in question. In Late Egyptian it generally takes the article pꜣ.

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 3-lit.

1. (intransitive, Late Egyptian) to do wrong, to sin, to be(come) guilty of evil deeds

 m

1. evildoer, wrongdoer, criminal [18th Dynasty]

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 483–484.13
• Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 85