bꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Noun 1:

 

Noun
bAZ1

 m

  1. working power, active power, efficacy in acting on and influencing the external world and enforcing order, especially as possessed by a god
  2. god, seen as possessed of such power
  3. (by extension) the dead, seen as possessed of such power and needing offerings to sustain it; efficacious soul, ba
Usage notes

In the earliest times, this term only appears in reference to gods and the qualities they possess. In the course of the Old Kingdom, it begins to be applied to kings, and around the end of the Old Kingdom finally starts to appear with reference to non-royal individuals.

Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw
Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Derived terms
Descendants
  • Old Coptic: ⲃⲁⲓ (bai)

Noun
R7E10

 m

  1. ram
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw
Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Descendants

From Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value):

Noun
bbAN42E24

 m

  1. leopard
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw
Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Noun
bbAF9F27

 m

  1. leopard skin
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw

Verb
bA

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) an animate, efficacious soul, to possess a ba or ba-power
Inflection
Conjugation of bꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: bꜣ, geminated stem: bꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 bꜣt
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 ḥr bꜣ
 m bꜣ
 r bꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect bꜣ.n
 consecutive bꜣ.jn
terminative bꜣt
perfective3 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 obligative1 bꜣ.ḫr
imperfective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective3 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 potentialis1 bꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect bꜣ.n
 — —
perfective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 bꜣtj4, bꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms

Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

See also

Etymology 5

Perhaps from root consonants b-l.

Verb
bbAAU7
D40

 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) dig up earth, hoe
  2. (transitive) destroy
Inflection
Conjugation of bꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: bꜣ, geminated stem: bꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 bꜣt
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 ḥr bꜣ
 m bꜣ
 r bꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect bꜣ.n
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 consecutive bꜣ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative bꜣt
perfective3 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 bꜣ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 bꜣꜣ
 potentialis1 bꜣ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect bꜣ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
imperfective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
prospective Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)
 — bꜣtj4, bꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  • brbr "to dig"
  • ⲃⲟⲗⲃⲗ (bolbl) "to dig up"

References
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
  • van Sittert, Bianca (2020) “Maintaining Order over Chaos”: A study of the ba and baw concepts in the Predynastic Period, Early Dynastic Period, and Old Kingdom [Master’s Thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain.
  • Žabkar, L. V. (1968) A study of the Ba concept in ancient Egyptian texts. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 34. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
  • Wolf-Brinkmann, E. M. (1968) Versuch einer Deutung des Begriffes ‘bA’ anhand der Überlieferung der Frühzeit und des Alten Reiches, Freiburg i. Br.: G. Seeger
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