aitama
Estonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Finnic *abittadak (“to help, assist”), from both *api (“help, aid, assistance”), and the suffix *-ttadak, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-kta-, from Proto-Uralic *-pta-.
Verb
aitama (da-infinitive aidata)
- (governs keda/mida or kellel/mida teha, transitive) to help, assist, give assistance
- päästjad aitasid hädalised kuivale maale ― rescuers helped the distressed to dry land
- aitasin sõbral autot parandada ― I helped a friend fix his car
- Jumal, aita! ― God, help!
- Synonyms: abistama, avitama
- (governs millest, third person) to be enough, to suffice
- aitab küll! ― that's enough!
- linnaga tutvumiseks aitab paarist tunnist ― a couple of hours will be enough to get to know the city
Conjugation
Conjugation of aitama (ÕS type 29/hüppama, t-d gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | aitan | ei aita | 1st sing. | olen aidanud | ei ole aidanud pole aidanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | aitad | 2nd sing. | oled aidanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | aitab | 3rd sing. | on aidanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | aitame | 1st plur. | oleme aidanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | aitate | 2nd plur. | olete aidanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | aitavad | 3rd plur. | on aidanud | ||||||
| passive | aidatakse | ei aidata | passive | on aidatud | ei ole aidatud pole aidatud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | aitasin | ei aidanud | 1st sing. | olin aidanud | ei olnud aidanud polnud aidanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | aitasid | 2nd sing. | olid aidanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | aitas | 3rd sing. | oli aidanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | aitasime | 1st plur. | olime aidanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | aitasite | 2nd plur. | olite aidanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | aitasid | 3rd plur. | oli aidanud | ||||||
| passive | aidati | ei aidatud | passive | oli aidatud | ei olnud aidatud polnud aidatud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | aitaksin | ei aitaks | 1st sing. | aidanuksin oleksin aidanud |
ei aidanuks ei oleks aidanud poleks aidanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | aitaksid | 2nd sing. | aidanuksid oleksid aidanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | aitaks | 3rd sing. | aidanuks oleks aidanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | aitaksime | 1st plur. | aidanuksime oleksime aidanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | aitaksite | 2nd plur. | aidanuksite oleksite aidanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | aitaksid | 3rd plur. | aidanuksid oleksid aidanud | ||||||
| passive | aidataks | ei aidataks | passive | oleks aidatud | ei oleks aidatud poleks aidatud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | aita | ära aita | 2nd sing. | ole aidanud | ära ole aidanud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | aidaku | ärgu aidaku | 3rd sing. | olgu aidanud | ärgu olgu aidanud | ||||
| 1st plur. | aidakem | ärme aitame ärme aita ärgem aidakem |
1st plur. | olgem aidanud | ärme oleme aidanud ärme ole aidanud ärgem olgem aidanud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | aidake | ärge aidake | 2nd plur. | olge aidanud | ärge olge aidanud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | aidaku | ärgu aidaku | 3rd plur. | olgu aidanud | ärgu olgu aidanud | ||||
| passive | aidatagu | ärgu aidatagu | passive | olgu aidatud | ärgu olgu aidatud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | aitavat | ei aitavat | active | olevat aidanud | ei olevat aidanud polevat aidanud | ||||
| passive | aidatavat | ei aidatavat | passive | olevat aidatud | ei olevat aidatud polevat aidatud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | aitama | aidatama | nominative | aidata | olla aidanud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | aidates | olles aidanud | |||||
| inessive | aitamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | aitamast | present | aitav | aidatav | |||||
| translative | aitamaks | past | aidanud | aidatud | |||||
| abessive | aitamata | negative | aitamatu | — | |||||
Related terms
- aitamine (“help, helping”)
References
- aitama in Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik
- aitama in Sõnaveeb
- M. Langemets, M. Tiits, T. Valdre, L. Veskis, Ü. Viks, P. Voll, editors (2009), “aitama”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (online dictionary, in Estonian), 2nd edition, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation)
- aitama in Raadik, M., editor (2018), Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, →ISBN
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