< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tokъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *takas, from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷos, from *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). Equivalent to *teťi (“to flow, run”) +‎ *-ъ.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tãkas (“footpath, path”), Latvian taks (“footpath, path”)

Indo-European cognates include Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬐𐬀‎ (taka, “course”)

Noun

*tȍkъ m[1]

  1. current, course, stream

Inflection
Declension of *tȍkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *tȍkъ *tȍka *tȍci
genitive *tȍka *tokù *tòkъ
dative *tȍku *tokomà *tokòmъ
accusative *tȍkъ *tȍka *tȍky
instrumental *tȍkъmь, *tȍkomь* *tokomà *toký
locative *tȍcě *tokù *tocě̃xъ
vocative *toče *tȍka *tȍci
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: токъ (tokŭ)
      • Belarusian: ток (tok)
      • Russian: ток (tok)
      • Ukrainian: тік (tik)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: tok
    • Old Polish: tok
    • Slovak: tok
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: tok

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ток”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “течь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 243
  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “токъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 973

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tȏkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 494
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