< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stojati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *stojěti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stajḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ěti.

Perhaps a denominal stative (called "essive" in LIV[1]) derived from an earlier participle stem or from a "Balto-Slavic stative derivative"[2][3] related to the original Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti stative suffix. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *stajati.

Cognate with Proto-Italic *staēō.

Verb

*stojàti impf[4][5][6]

  1. (stative) to stand

Conjugation
Conjugation of *stojati, *stoja, *stojitь (impf., intr., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ěti
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*stojanьje *stojati *stojatъ *stojalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive — —
Active *stojavъ *stoję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *stojaxъ*stoja*stoja *stojǫ*stojiši*stojitь
Dual *stojaxově*stojasta*stojaste *stojivě*stojita*stojite
Plural *stojaxomъ*stojaste*stojašę *stojimъ*stojite*stojętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *stojaaxъ*stojaaše*stojaaše —*stoji*stoji
Dual *stojaaxově*stojaašeta*stojaašete *stojivě*stojita—
Plural *stojaaxomъ*stojaašete*stojaaxǫ *stojimъ*stojite—

Derived terms
  • *zastojь (“halt, abeyance”)
  • *stojanъka (“standoff, place for standing”)
Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-‎ (0 c, 12 e)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: стоꙗти (stojati)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: стоꙗти (stojati)
      Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱁⱑⱅⰻ (stoěti)
    • Bulgarian: стоя́ (stojá)
    • Macedonian: стои (stoi)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ста̏јати
      Latin script: stȁjati
    • Slovene: státi (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стою”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “стоять”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 206
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “стоять”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
  • Todorov, T. A.; Racheva, M., editors (2010), “стоя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 480

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs]‎ (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 590: “Essiv... aksl. (+) stojǫ, stojati ‘stehen’”
  2. Darden, Bill J. (1990), “Laryngeals and Syllabicity in Balto-Slavic and Indo-European”, in The Chicago Linguistic Society‎
  3. Kortlandt, Frederik (1989), “Lithuanian statýti and related formations”, in Baltistica XXV‎
  4. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*stojati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 468: “v. (c) ‘stand’”
  5. Olander, Thomas (2001), “stojati: stojǫ stojitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c stå (PR 139)”
  6. Snoj, Marko (2016), “státi¹”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*stoja̋ti ... sed. *stȍjǫ”
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