Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopьje

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably form the root of *kopati (“to dig”) + *-ьje (augmentative suffix), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kаpā́ˀtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to strike, beat”). Trubačev suggests, more precisely, substantivation of a possible compound like *kopьje *dervo (“stabbing wood”).

Akin to Lithuanian kapoklė (“cleaver”), Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “chopper”).

Noun

*kopьjè or *kȍpьje n[1][2][3]

javelin, spear

Declension

Most languages reflect AP b, but Serbo-Croatian and Slovene also show AP c. Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value) Lua error in Module:utilities at line 142: attempt to perform arithmetic on local 'h' (a nil value)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: копьё (kopʹjó)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: копиѥ (kopije)
- Bulgarian: копие (kopie)
- Macedonian: копје (kopje)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ко̏пље, ко̀пље
  
  Latin: kȍplje, kòplje
- Slovene: kọ́pje (tonal orthography), (archaic) kopjẹ̑
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kopie
  - Czech: kopí
- Polish: kopia
- Slovak: kopija
- Upper Sorbian: kopjo
- Lower Sorbian: kopje

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kopьje”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 234: “n. io ‘spear, lance’”
Olander, Thomas (2001), “kopьje”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b lanse, spyd (SA 150; PR 135)”
Snoj, Marko (2016), “kọ̄pje”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kopьjȅ (ali *kȍpьje)”

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopьje/*kopьja”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 40
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “копие¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 616

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[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kopьje”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 234: “n. io ‘spear, lance’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “kopьje”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b lanse, spyd (SA 150; PR 135)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016), “kọ̄pje”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kopьjȅ (ali *kȍpьje)”