< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫpati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Unknown. Several explanations are proposed:

From *kǫpa (“bend, fold”) +‎ *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend”). This etymology assumes the development: “knee bend” > “to bathe or dip in water squatting”
Related with *čępěti (“to sit in a squat”) with development as above
Somehow related with Proto-Germanic *habą (“sea”)

Verb

*kǫpàti impf[1][2]

(transitive) to bathe, bath
(reflexive with *sę) to take a bath

Inflection

Conjugation of *kǫpati, *kǫpa, *kǫpľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kǫpanьje	*kǫpati	*kǫpatъ	*kǫpalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kǫpanъ	*kǫpľemъ
Active	*kǫpavъ	*kǫpľę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kǫpaxъ	*kǫpa	*kǫpa	*kǫpľǫ	*kǫpľeši	*kǫpľetь
Dual	*kǫpaxově	*kǫpasta	*kǫpaste	*kǫpľevě	*kǫpľeta	*kǫpľete
Plural	*kǫpaxomъ	*kǫpaste	*kǫpašę	*kǫpľemъ	*kǫpľete	*kǫpľǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kǫpaaxъ	*kǫpaaše	*kǫpaaše	—	*kǫpľi	*kǫpľi
Dual	*kǫpaaxově	*kǫpaašeta	*kǫpaašete	*kǫpľivě	*kǫpľita	—
Plural	*kǫpaaxomъ	*kǫpaašete	*kǫpaaxǫ	*kǫpľimъ	*kǫpľite	—

Derived terms

nouns

*kǫpadlo n (“bathing place”)
*kǫpanьje n (“bath”)
*kǫpělь f (“bath”)

Related terms

nouns

*kǫpadlišče n (“bathing place”)
*kǫpadlьna f (“bath, bathtub”)
*kǫpava f (“type of plant”)
*kǫpělišče n (“bathing place”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кѫпати (kǫpati)
  - Belarusian: купа́ць (kupácʹ) (dialectal)
  - Russian: купа́ть (kupátʹ)
  - Ukrainian: купа́ти (kupáty)
South Slavic:
- ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: покѫпати pf (pokǫpati)
- Church Slavonic: кѫпати (kǫpati)
- Bulgarian: къ́пя (kǎ́pja), къ́мпя (kǎ́mpja)
- Macedonian: капе (kape)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Latin script: kúpati
  
  Cyrillic script: ку́пати
- Slovene: kọ́pati (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kúpati
  - Czech: koupat
- Kashubian: kãpac
- Polabian: kǫ̇păt
- Old Polish: kąpać, kępać
  - Polish: kąpać, (dated) kępać
- Slovak: kúpať
- Slovincian: ką̃păc
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: kupaś
  - Upper Sorbian: kupać, kumpać

References

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫpati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 59
Olander, Thomas (2001), “kǫpati: kǫpjǫ kǫpjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b bade, svømme (PR 136f.)”

Further reading

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “купа́ть”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “къпя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 197
Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “kąpać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 226
Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “kąpać”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volume 653
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “купати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
Snoj, Marko (2016), “kọ́pati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kǫpa̋ti”

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