Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dъlgъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Related to Gothic 𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌲𐍃 (dulgs, “debt”):

Most Slavists (Vasmer, Trubačev, Snoj) presume native origin, because of the mobile accent (untypical for Germanic loanwords). Machek proposes Slavic origin for the Gothic term. Others usually consider genetic kinship between the two, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelgʰ-.
Germanists (Stender-Petersen, favoured by Pronk-Tiethoff) consider it a Gothic loanword[1], since other financial terminology in early Slavic was mostly of Germanic origin: e.g. Proto-Slavic *myto (“tax”), *lixva (“interest”), *pěnędzь (“coin”), *kupiti (“to purchase”). Lehmann speculates that both Gothic and Slavic terms may be Celtic loanwords.

Noun

*dъ̑lgъ m[2][3][4][1]

debt

Inflection

Though it is traditionally reconstructed as a hard o-stem, Pronk-Tiethoff suggests that *dъlgъ was probably a u-stem instead: “the word is syllabic and has the root structure CъRC-, it shows u-stem endings in Old Church Slavic, as well as, e.g., the ‘second locative’ v dolgú in Russian, and the adjective formation R dolgovój. It has accentuation of the type Stang identifies with the Proto-Slavic u-stems.”

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Derived terms

*dъlžiti (“to own”)
*dъlžьnъ (“obligated”)
- *dъlžьnikъ (“debtor”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: дългъ (dŭlgŭ), дълъгъ (dŭlŭgŭ), долгъ (dolgŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: довгъ (dovh), долгъ (dolh)
    - Belarusian: доўг (doŭh)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: довг (dovh)
    - Ukrainian: довг (dovh) (dialectal)
  - Russian: долг (dolg); доло́г (dológ) (dialectal Soyana, Arkhangelsk Oblast)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: длъгъ (dlŭgŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰴⰾⱏⰳⱏ (dlŭgŭ)
  - Church Slavonic: длъгъ (dlŭgŭ), дълъгъ (dŭlŭgŭ) (Russian recension)
  - Church Slavonic: дльгъ (dlĭgŭ, “sin”) (Serbian recension)
  - → Old East Slavic: длъгъ (dlŭgŭ)
    - Old Ruthenian: длъ́гъ (dloh)
- Bulgarian: дълг (dǎlg); длъг (dlǎg) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: долг (dolg)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ду̑г
  
  Latin script: dȗg
- Slovene: dȏłg (tonal orthography)
- → Hungarian: dolog
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: dluh
  - Czech: dluh
  - → Old Ruthenian: длухъ (dlux)
- Polabian: dåu̯g
- Old Polish: dług
  - Polish: dług
  - → Old Ruthenian: длукгъ (dlug), длуґъ (dlug)
- Slovak: dlh
- Slovincian: dlʉ̇́g
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: dług
  - Upper Sorbian: dołh

References

Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎ (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 142: “PSl. *dъlgъ ‘debt’ (m. o-stem) [AP C]”
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dъ̑lgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 129: “m. o (c) ‘debt’”
Olander, Thomas (2001), “dъlgъ dъlga”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 81, 187; PR 137; MP 16)”
Snoj, Marko (2016), “dolg”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *dь̑lgъ ali *dъ̑lgъ”