< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/capati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *capъ +‎ *-ati.

Verb

*capati impf[1]

  1. (transitive) to catch, nab something quickly
  2. (intransitive) to wade, walk on water, mud with noise

Inflection
Conjugation of *capati, *capa, *capľetь (impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*capanьje *capati *capatъ *capalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *capanъ *capľemъ
Active *capavъ *capľę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *capaxъ*capa*capa *capľǫ*capľeši*capľetь
Dual *capaxově*capasta*capaste *capľevě*capľeta*capľete
Plural *capaxomъ*capaste*capašę *capľemъ*capľete*capľǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *capaaxъ*capaaše*capaaše —*capľi*capľi
Dual *capaaxově*capaašeta*capaašete *capľivě*capľita—
Plural *capaaxomъ*capaašete*capaaxǫ *capľimъ*capľite—

Later generalized among some daughter branches as:

Conjugation of *capati, *capa, *capajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*capanьje *capati *capatъ *capalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *capanъ *capajemъ
Active *capavъ *capaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *capaxъ*capa*capa *capajǫ*capaješi*capajetь
Dual *capaxově*capasta*capaste *capajevě*capajeta*capajete
Plural *capaxomъ*capaste*capašę *capajemъ*capajete*capajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *capaaxъ*capaaše*capaaše —*capaji*capaji
Dual *capaaxově*capaašeta*capaašete *capajivě*capajita—
Plural *capaaxomъ*capaašete*capaaxǫ *capajimъ*capajite—

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: цапати (capati)
      • Belarusian: ца́паць (cápacʹ)
      • Russian: ца́пать (cápatʹ)
      • Ukrainian: ца́пати (cápaty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: ца́пам (cápam)
    • Macedonian: цапа (capa)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: цапати, ца̏пати (dialectal)
      Latin script: capati, cȁpati (dialectal)
    • Slovene: capáti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: capati, cápati
    • Polish: capać (obsolete)
    • Slovak: cápať
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: capaś
      • Upper Sorbian: capać

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*capati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 171
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ца́пать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*capati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 73: “v. ‘tramp’”
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