< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ežь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

According to Matasović, the origin of the suffix is unclear. He dismisses an old theory due to Vaillant for borrowing ultimately from Vulgar Latin -āgium, because there are not any loanwords in proto-Slavic which display this suffix.

Suffix

*-ežь m

  1. Deverbal, forming action nouns.
    From verbs ending in -C-
    */padti/ > *pasti (“to fall”) → *padežь (“fall”)
    */mętti/ > *męsti (“to mix”) → *mętežь (“chaos, confusion”)
    *sluti (“to utter”) → *slovežь (“utterance”)
    *orsti (“to grow, to rise”) → *orstežь (“growth”)
    From verbs ending in -i-
    *grabiti (“to grab, to seize”) → *grabežь (“grabbing”)
    *paliti (“to ignite, to set on fire”) → *paležь (“arson”)
    From verbs ending in -a-
    *drapati (“to scratch”) → *drapežь (“plunder”)
    *čьrtati (“to draw”) → *čьrtežь (“sketch”)
  2. Deadjectival, forming abstract or agent nouns.
    *moldъ (“young”) → *moldežь (“youth”)

Usage notes
  • Usually it's not used with roots ending in g/k/x/s/z.
  • Words derived with *-ežь sometimes have pejorative connotation.

Declension
Declension of *-ežь (soft o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-ežь *-eža *-eži
genitive *-eža *-ežu *-ežь
dative *-ežu *-ežema *-ežemъ
accusative *-ežь *-eža *-ežę̇
instrumental *-ežьmь, *-ežemь* *-ežema *-eži
locative *-eži *-ežu *-ežixъ
vocative *-ežu *-eža *-eži
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Alternative forms
  • *-ěžь

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ežь

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -ежь (-ežĭ)
      • Belarusian: -еж (-jež), -ёж (-jož)
      • Russian: -ёжь (-jóžʹ), -ёж (-jóž), -еж (-ež)
      • Ukrainian: -іж (-iž)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: -єжь (-ežĭ)
      Glagolitic script: -ⰵⰶⱐ (-ežĭ)
    • Bulgarian: -еж (-ež)
    • Macedonian: -еж (-ež)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -еж
      Latin script: -ež
    • Slovene: -ež
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: -ež
    • Kashubian: -éż, -éżô, -ża
    • Polish: -eż
    • Slovak: -ež
    • Slovincian: -ėž, -ež

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bodežь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gorěžь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 43
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grabežь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 96

References
  • Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
  • Matasović, Ranko (2014), “*-ežь < *-ezja-”, in Slavic Nominal Word-formation: Proto-Indo-European Origins and Historical Development (Empirie und Theorie der Sprachwissenschaft; 3), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 130
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