Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ařь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Gothic -𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (-āreis), from Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz or from Latin -ārius. Proto-Slavic borrowed from Gothic both the derivations (e.g. *mytařь (“tax collector”) and *bukařь (“scribe, literate man”)) and their base forms (*myto (“payment, gift”) and *buky (“beech; record; document”) which enabled synchronic morphological segmentation of the borrowed denominals and finally an analogical generalization of the *-ařь suffix for forming other denominal nouns with agentive meaning, on the basis of non-borrowed nominal stems (e.g. *kľučařь on the basis of *kľučь, *zidařь on the basis of *zidъ).

Suffix

*-ařь m

-er; derives agent nouns, signifying someone who is connected to something, often by trade or profession.
1. from nouns
  ‎*myto + ‎*-ařь → ‎*mytařь
  
  ‎*buky + ‎*-ařь → ‎*bukařь
  
  ‎*ryba + ‎*-ařь → ‎*rybařь
  
  ‎*kľučь + ‎*-ařь → ‎*kľučařь
2. from verbs (the present stem)
  ‎*vold- + ‎*-ařь → ‎*voldařь

Declension

Declension of *-ařь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*-ařь	*-ařa	*-aři
genitive	*-ařa	*-ařu	*-ařь
dative	*-ařu	*-ařema	*-ařemъ
accusative	*-ařь	*-ařa	*-ařę̇
instrumental	-ařьmь, -ařemь^*	*-ařema	*-aři
locative	*-aři	*-ařu	*-ařixъ
vocative	*-ařu	*-ařa	*-aři

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ařь

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: -ар (-ar)
- Russian: -арь (-arʹ)
- Ukrainian: -ар (-ar)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: -арь (-arĭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: -ар (-ar)
- Macedonian: -ар (-ar)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: -ар
  
  Latin script: -ar
- Slovene: -ar
West Slavic:
- Czech: -ář
- Kashubian: -ôrz
- Polabian: -ăr
- Polish: -arz
- Slovak: -ár
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: -aŕ