Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/rigl-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*rigl- m

foot, leg

Inflection

Declension of *rigl-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*riglum

*riglāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*riglim

*riglayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*riglam

possessive forms

1st person

*riglī / *riglVya

—

*riglVni

2nd person m

*riglVka

*riglVkumā / *riglVkumay

*riglVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*riglVki

*riglVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*riglVšu

*riglVšumā / *riglVšumay

*riglVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*riglVša

*riglVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *rigluya for nom. case, *rigliya for gen. case, *riglaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *rigl-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*rigluka	*riglāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*riglika	*riglayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*riglaka	*riglayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *rigl-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*rigluki	*riglāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*rigliki	*riglayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*riglaki	*riglayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒊑𒅅𒇻 (riglum, “hoof, foot; foodstuff, leg of an animal”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: رِجْل‎ f (rijl)
    - Egyptian Arabic: رجل‎ f (regl)
    - Gulf Arabic: ريل‎ f (rīl)
    - Hijazi Arabic: رِجِل‎ f (rijil)
    - Maltese: riġel f
    - Moroccan Arabic: رجل‎ f (rjal)
    - North Levantine Arabic: إجر‎ f (ʔijr)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Imperial Aramaic: 𐡓𐡂𐡋‎ (rgl)
      
      Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡴𐡢𐡫‎ (rgl)
      
      Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: רִגְל‎ (riḡl)
      
      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: נִגְרָא / נִיגְרָא‎ (nīgrā) (with metathesis)
      - Classical Syriac: ܪܶܓܠܳܐ‎ (reḡlā), also ܢܶܓܪܳܐ‎ (neḡra)
      - Classical Mandaic: ࡋࡉࡂࡓࡀ‎ (ligra)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: רֶגֶל‎ (régel, réḡel)
    - Ugaritic: 𒊑𒅅𒇻 (riglu)
  - Old South Arabian:
    - Minaean: 𐩧𐩴𐩡‎ (rgl)
    - Sabaean: 𐩧𐩴𐩡‎ (rgl)
- Ethiopian Semitic (controversial):
  - Argobba: ingir, ʾägər
  - Amharic: እግር (ʾəgr)
  - Gafat: əgʷra, əgʷri
  - Ge'ez: እግር (ʾəgr)
  - Harari: ኢጊር (ʾigir), ኢንጊር (ʾingir)
  - Inor: አግር (ägər)
  - Kistane: አግር (ägər)
  - Sebat Bet Gurage: አግር (ʾägər)
  - Silt'e: እንግር (ʾəngər)
  - Tigre: እግር (ʾəgr)
  - Tigrinya: እግሪ (ʾəgri)
  - Wolane: እንግር (ʾəngər)
  - Zay: እንግር (ʾəngər)

References

Militarev, Alexander; Kogan, Leonid (2000) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume I: Anatomy of Man and Animals, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 201–202

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