< Reconstruction:Proto-Nakh

Reconstruction:Proto-Nakh/borš

This Proto-Nakh entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Nakh

Etymology

Borrowed from Iranian. Compare Proto-Ossetic *wúrsa (“stallion”) and also Proto-Finnic *varsa (“a foal, in particular a male one”).[1][2]

Nikolaev & Starostin (1994) believe that Nakh form goes back to Proto-Northeast Caucasian, but their reconstruction contains irregular correspondences. Nichols (2003)[3] is mistaken in the meaning of the Ingush form[4]. Schrijver (2021) compares the Ingush adjective[5][6] with the Bats and Chechen noun, which, apparently, is a mistake, since there is a corresponding Chechen adjective[7].

Noun

*borš

  1. young bull
adjectives
  • *boršeᶰ (“male”)

Descendants
  • Bats: ბორშ class dd (borš)
  • Vainakh:
    • Chechen: борш class jj (borš)
    • >? Ingush: борш class jj (borš, “chestnut”)

References
  • Nikolaev, Sergei L.; Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎, Moscow: Asterisk Publishers: “*borš”
  • Schrijver, Peter (2021), “A history of the vowel systems of the Nakh languages (East Caucasian), with special reference to umlaut in Chechen and Ingush”, in Languages of the Caucasus‎ (in English), volume 5, →DOI, →ISSN, page 137: “*borš”
  1. Genko, Anatolii N. (1930), “Из культурного прошлого ингушей [From the cultural past of the Ingush]”, in Записки коллегии востоковедов при Азиатском музее АН СССР, volume V, Leningrad, page 725 of 681–761
  2. Abajev, V. I. (1989), “wyrs | urs”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 124‒125
  3. Nichols, Johanna (2003), “The Nakh-Daghestanian consonant correspondences”, in Dee Ann Holisky, Kevin Tuite, editors, Current Trends in Caucasian, East European and Inner Asian Linguistics: Papers in honor of Howard I. Aronson (in English), Amsterdam: John Benjamins, →DOI, page 246
  4. Nichols, Johanna B. (2004), “Proto-Nakh/borš”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 39
  5. Malʹsagov, Zaurbek K. (1963) Грамматика ингушского языка [Grammar of the Ingush language]‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Grozny: Chechen-Ingush book publishing house, page 87
  6. Nichols, Johanna B. (2004), “Proto-Nakh/borš”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 39
  7. Matsiev, Akhmat G. (1961) Чеченско-русский словарь / Нохчийн-оьрсийн словарь [Chechen-Russian dictionary] (in Russian), Moscow: State Publishing House of Foreign and Ethnicity Dictionaries, page 68
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