Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwaytáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytós.

Adjective

*cwaytáh

white
bright

Derived terms

*cwaytakah
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (spydy̆k)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾspʾytʾk), [script needed] (ʾspʾytʾk), [script needed] (ʾsp(ʾ)ytk), [script needed] ((ʾ)spʾytk), [script needed] ((ʾ)spʾyty), [script needed] (spyṯy /⁠^ɨspḗt(ē̆)⁠/)
- Yagnobi: [script needed] (sⁱpḗta)
- → Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (spytk' /⁠spēdag⁠/)
  - Classical Persian: سپیده‎ (sapēda), سفیده‎ (safêda)
    Iranian Persian: سپیده‎ (sepide), سفیده‎ (sefide)
- → Old Armenian: սպիտակ (spitak)
- → Old Georgian: სპეტაკი (sṗeṭaḳi)
- → Arabic: سِبِيدَاج‎ (sibīdāj), إِسْبِيدَاج‎ (ʔisbīdāj), أَسْبِيدَاج‎ (ʔasbīdāj), إِسْبِدَاج‎ (ʔisbidāj), إِسْفِيدَاج‎ (ʔisfīdāj), إِسْفِيذَاج‎ (ʔisfīḏāj), سِبِيذَاج‎ (sibīḏāj), أَسْفِيدَاج‎ (ʔasfīdāj), أَسْفِيذَاج‎ (ʔasfīḏāj)
- → Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִסְפִּדַכָא / אִסְפִּידַכָא‎ (ʾəspīḏaḵā)
- → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܦܕܟܐ / ܐܣܦܝܕܟܐ‎ (ʾəspīḏaḵā), ܣܦܕܟܐ / ܣܦܝܕܟܐ‎ (spīḏaḵā), ܣܦܝܕܓܐ‎ (spīḏaġā)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀‎ (spaēta)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (śśīta), [script needed] (śśīya)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾspʾyt)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ishkashimi: [script needed] (safed)
- Pashto: سپين‎ (spin)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Munji: [script needed] (spī)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Shughni: сафед (safēd)
    - Yazghulami: сәпид (səpid)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: spî, sipî
  
  Central Kurdish: سپی‎ (spî)
  
  Southern Kurdish: سپید‎ (spîd)
  
  Laki: ئسپێ‎ (spê)
- Medo-Parthian:
  - Middle Median: *spēt
    - Proto-Tatic:
      - Alviri-Vidari: ایسبی‎ (isbi), ایسپی‎ (ispi)
      - Harzani: اسبی (esbī)
    - → Old Armenian: սպետ (spet), սպիտ (spit)
      - → Old Georgian: სპეტი (sṗeṭi)
  - Parthian: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫅‎ (ʿspyd /⁠ispēd⁠/)
    - → Middle Persian: (/⁠spēd, ispēd⁠/)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (spyt')
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫅‎ (ʿspyd)
      - Bakhtiari: اسپید‎ (espēð)
      - Classical Persian: سپید‎ (sapēd), اسپید‎ (espêd), سفید‎ (safêd), اسفید‎ (esfêd)
        Hazaragi: سفیت‎ (safít)
        
        Iranian Persian: سفید‎ (sefid)
        
        Sistani: سفی‎ (sfê)
        
        Tajik: сафед (safed)
        
        → Hindustani:
        Hindi: सफ़ेद (safed)
        
        Urdu: سفید‎
        
        → Old Punjabi: ਸੁਪੇਦੁ (supedu)
        Punjabi:
        Gurmukhi script: ਸਫ਼ੈਦ (safaid)
        Shahmukhi script: سَفَید‎ (safaid)
  - Zazaki: sipî, spî

References

Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 205

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