< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mel-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

Etymology

Uncertain; the connection between each form is semantically fine, however their isolation makes this reconstruction suspect.[1]

Root

*(s)mel-[2][3]

  1. false, erroneous
  2. bad, evil

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mel-‎ (6 c, 0 e)
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)mel-‎ (22 c, 0 e)
  • *(s)mél-o-s[4]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • *(s)mél-es-[2][4]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *mélehos
  • *(s)mól-o-s[1]
    • Proto-Italic: *malos[1]
      • Latin: malus (“unpleasant, bad”) (possibly[5], alternatively from *(s)meh₂l- (“small”)[6], cf. *smalaz)
      • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *malwos or *malyos[1]
        • Oscan: mallom, malom (acc.sg.), mallud, malud (“bad, evil”, abl.sg.)
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: smale (“a lie”)
  • *(s)mel-s-eh₂[7]
  • *(s)mel-s-os[2][9]
    • Proto-Celtic: *mellos (“destruction, confusion”)[9]
      • Old Irish: mell (“error, confusion”)
        • ⇒ Old Irish: millid (“to destroy”)
Unsorted formations

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “malus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 360
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “2. mel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 719
  3. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 340
  4. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 194
  5. Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “malus”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), with additions and corrections of Jacques André, 4th edition, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, pages 677-678
  6. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “mēlo-, smēlo-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 724
  7. Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 64-65
  8. Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “մեղմեխ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 301b
  9. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page mello- of 263-264
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