Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helmô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱél-mō, earlier *ḱél-mn̥, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”); equivalent to *helaną +‎ *-mô. Cognate with Sanskrit शर्मन् (śárman, “shelter, protection”).

Noun

*helmô m

handle, helm (on a boat)

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *helmô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*helmô	*helmaniz
vocative	*helmô	*helmaniz
accusative	*helmanų	*helmanunz
genitive	*hilminiz	*helmanǫ̂
dative	*hilmini	*helmammaz
instrumental	*hilminē	*helmammiz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *helmō
- Old English: helma
  - Middle English: halm
    - English: helm
- Old Saxon: *helma
  - Middle Low German: helm; holm (-o- from -a-? or from a zero-grade?)
    - → German: Holm
- Old Dutch: *helma
  - Middle Dutch: helm
    - Dutch: helm
- Old High German: halme
  - Middle High German: halme, halm, helm
    - German: Helm (dialectal)
⇒ Old Norse: hjalmvǫlr, hjalmurvǫlr, hjalmarvǫlr, hjalmunvǫlr

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