Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bergaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰos, from *bʰerǵʰ-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈber.ɣɑz/

Noun

*bergaz m

hill; mountain
refuge; shelter

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *bergaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bergaz	bergōz, bergōs
vocative	*berg	bergōz, bergōs
accusative	*bergą	*berganz
genitive	bergas, birgis	*bergǫ̂
dative	*birgai	*bergamaz
instrumental	*bergō	*bergamiz

Derived terms

*bergafriþuz

Related terms

*burgz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *berg
- Old English: beorg, berg
  - Middle English: bergh, berȝ, beruȝ, beruh, berw
    - English: barrow; bargh (Northern England)
    - Scots: burrae
  - Middle English: berȝe, beryhe, berye (via beorge (genitive))
    - English: berry
- Old Frisian: berch
  - North Frisian: beerg
  - Saterland Frisian: Bíerig
  - West Frisian: berch
- Old Saxon: berg, berag
  - Middle Low German: berch
    - German Low German: Barg
    - Plautdietsch: Boajch
- Old Dutch: berg
  - Middle Dutch: berch
    - Dutch: berg
      - Afrikaans: berg
        → English: berg
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: berki
      - Jersey Dutch: bêrix
      - Negerhollands: berg, bergi
        → Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi
      - → Aukan: beligi
      - → Sranan Tongo: bergi
        → Caribbean Javanese: bérgi
    - Limburgish: berg
- Old High German: berg
  - Middle High German: bërc
    - Alemannic German: Bäärg, Bärg, Bèèrg, Bërg
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: pèrge
      Mòcheno: pèrg
    - Central Franconian: Berch
      Eifel: Bersch
      Hunsrik: Berrich
    - East Central German: Barg (Erzgebirgisch)
    - German: Berg
    - Luxembourgish: Bierg
    - Pennsylvania German: Barig
    - Yiddish: באַרג‎ (barg)
  - ⇒ Old High German: giberg
    - Middle High German: gebërc
      - Vilamovian: gybiyg
Old Norse: berg n, bjarg n (both from *bergą)
- Icelandic: berg, bjarg
- Faroese: berg, bjarg, bjørg
- Norwegian: berg
  - → Danish: berg (also from German)
    - Norwegian Bokmål: berg
- Elfdalian: bjärr, bjärg-, bjärgs-, bjärrs-
- Old Swedish: biærgh, bærgh
  - Swedish: berg
- Old Danish: biargh, biærgh, bærgh
  - Scanian: bjærğ
  - Danish: bjerg
    - Norwegian Bokmål: bjerg
- Gutnish: berg, bjerg, bjerr
- → Scots: berg
Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐍃 (*bairgs) (attested in compounds), 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌴𐌹 (bairgahei)

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