Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/zaʀum

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Alternative forms

*zaʀəm

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɟ͡ʝaʀum/, /ɟ͡ʝarum/

Noun

*zaʀum

needle

Descendants

Thao: lhalhum, pashlhalhuman, pulhalhum
Atayal: rom
Kavalan: lazum
Paiwan: djaum, djmaum
- → Puyuma: daum
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *zaʀum
- Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa
  - Balinese: ᬚᬳᬸᬫ᭄
  - Sasak-Sumbawa
    - Sasak: jarum
- Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *zaʀum
  - Bima: ndau
  - Sumba-Flores
    - Ende-Manggarai
      - Central Flores
        Rembong: zarun
      - Manggarai: jarung (borrowing from Makasar?)
  - Proto-Oceanic: *saʀum
    - Admiralty Islands
      - Lou: soun pwik
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic
      - Southeast Solomonic
        Bugotu-Gela-Guadalcanal
        Gela-Guadalcanal
        Gelic
        Gela: ihalu
        Longgu-Malaita-Makira
        Malaita-Makira
        Makira
        Arosi: taru
        Malaita
        Southern Malaita
        'Are'are: tarua
    - Central Pacific
      - East Fijian-Polynesian
        Proto-Polynesian: *au (see there for further descendants)
    - St. Matthias
      - Mussau-Emira: raum
    - Western Oceanic
      - Huon Gulf
        Markham
        Lower Markham
        Wampar: so
      - North New Guinea
        Ngero
        Bariai
        Kove: salumu
        Tuam
        Gitua: sarum
      - Meso-Melanesian
        Northwest Solomonic
        Nehan-Bougainville
        Halia-Hakö
        Halia: salem
        Nehan: harum
- Proto-Chamic: *jrum
  - Eastern Cham: jarum
  - Jarai: jrum
  - Western Cham: [script needed] (jrum)
- Greater Barito
  - Sama-Bajau
    - Yakan: dalum
- Proto-Malayic: *jarum
  - Ibanic
    - Iban: jarum
  - Malayan
    - Malay: jarum
      - Indonesian: jarum
- Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands
  - Proto-Batak: *jarum
    - Karo Batak: jarum
    - Toba Batak: jarum, manjarum
- Old Javanese:
  - Javanese: dom, ngedom
- Palauan: rasm, merasm
- Proto-Philippine: *daʀum (see there for further descendants)
- Rejang: dolom
- Proto-South Sulawesi:
  - Makasar: jarung

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