귀하다
Korean
Etymology
귀(貴) (gwi) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈkɥi(ː)ɦa̠da̠] ~ [ˈky(ː)ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [귀(ː)하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwihada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwihada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwihada |
| Yale Romanization? | kwīhata |
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 귀하다 (gwihada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 귀하다 gwihada |
귀해 gwihae |
귀해요 gwihaeyo |
귀합니다 gwihamnida |
| Past | 귀했다 gwihaetda |
귀했어 gwihaesseo |
귀했어요 gwihaesseoyo |
귀했습니다 gwihaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 귀하냐 gwihanya |
귀해 gwihae |
귀해요 gwihaeyo |
귀합니까 gwihamnikka |
| Past | 귀했냐 gwihaennya |
귀했어 gwihaesseo |
귀했어요 gwihaesseoyo |
귀했습니까 gwihaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 귀하겠다 gwihagetda | 귀하겠어 gwihagesseo | 귀하겠어요 gwihagesseoyo | 귀하겠습니다 gwihagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 귀해 gwihae | 귀해서, 귀하여서 gwihaeseo, gwihayeoseo | 귀하니 gwihani | 귀하니까 gwihanikka | |
| Contrast | 귀하지만 gwihajiman | 귀한데 gwihande | 귀하더니 gwihadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 귀하고 gwihago | ||||
| Condition | 귀하면 gwihamyeon | 귀해야, 귀하여야 gwihaeya, gwihayeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 귀함 gwiham | 귀하기 gwihagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 귀했음, 귀하였음 gwihaesseum, gwihayeosseum | 귀했기, 귀하였기 gwihaetgi, gwihayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 귀한 gwihan | |||
| Future | 귀할 gwihal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 귀하시다 gwihasida |
귀하셔 gwihasyeo |
귀하세요, 귀하셔요 gwihaseyo, gwihasyeoyo |
귀하십니다 gwihasimnida |
| Past | 귀하셨다 gwihasyeotda |
귀하셨어 gwihasyeosseo |
귀하셨어요 gwihasyeosseoyo |
귀하셨습니다 gwihasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 귀하시냐 gwihasinya |
귀하셔 gwihasyeo |
귀하세요, 귀하셔요 gwihaseyo, gwihasyeoyo |
귀하십니까 gwihasimnikka |
| Past | 귀하셨냐 gwihasyeonnya |
귀하셨어 gwihasyeosseo |
귀하셨어요 gwihasyeosseoyo |
귀하셨습니까 gwihasyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 귀하시겠다 gwihasigetda | 귀하시겠어 gwihasigesseo | 귀하시겠어요 gwihasigesseoyo | 귀하시겠습니다 gwihasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 귀하셔 gwihasyeo | 귀하셔서 gwihasyeoseo | 귀하시니 gwihasini | 귀하시니까 gwihasinikka | |
| Contrast | 귀하시지만 gwihasijiman | 귀하신데 gwihasinde | 귀하시더니 gwihasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 귀하시고 gwihasigo | ||||
| Condition | 귀하시면 gwihasimyeon | 귀하셔야 gwihasyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 귀하심 gwihasim | 귀하시기 gwihasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 귀하셨음 gwihasyeosseum | 귀하셨기 gwihasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 귀하신 gwihasin | |||
| Future | 귀하실 gwihasil | ||||
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