蒼天

See also: 苍天

Chinese

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Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cāngtiān

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄤㄊㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cong¹ tin¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhông-thiên
Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): chhong-thian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cāngtiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄤㄊㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cangtian
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻang¹-tʻien¹
  - Yale: tsāng-tyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsangtian
  - Palladius: цантянь (cantjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cong¹ tin¹
  - Yale: chōng tīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsong¹ tin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cong¹ tin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhông-thiên
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong´ tien´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong¹ tian¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi̯en²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong-thian
  - Tâi-lô: tshong-thian
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhongtiefn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³ tʰiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tshang|tshangX then

Rime
Character	蒼	蒼	天
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	清 (14)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	唐 (101)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	IV
Fanqie	七岡切	麁朗切	他前切
Baxter	tshang	tshangX	then
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/t͡sʰɑŋ^X/	/tʰen/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/t͡sʰɑŋ^X/	/tʰen/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/t͡sʰɑŋ^X/	/tʰɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰaŋ/	/t͡sʰaŋ^X/	/tʰɛn/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/t͡sʰɑŋ^X/	/tʰen/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/t͡sʰɑŋ^X/	/tʰien/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑŋ/	/t͡sʰɑŋ^X/	/tʰien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cāng	cǎng	tiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cong¹	cong²	tin¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤaŋ l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːŋ|sʰaːŋʔ qʰl'iːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蒼	天	天
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cāng	tiān	xiān
Middle Chinese	‹ tshang ›	‹ then ›	‹ xen ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁaŋ/	/*l̥ˁi[n]/	/l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time xˁ- > MC x-)
English	deep blue or green	heaven	heaven
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蒼	蒼	天
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	1126	1131	12387
Phonetic component	倉	倉	天
Rime group	陽	陽	眞
Rime subdivision	0	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	倉	蒼	天
Old Chinese	/*sʰaːŋ/	/*sʰaːŋʔ/	/*qʰl'iːn/

Noun

蒼天

(literary) heaven; firmament
(literary) blue sky
(literary) spring

Synonyms

(heaven): 穹蒼／穹苍 (qióngcāng)
(blue sky):

碧空 (bìkōng) (literary)
碧落 (bìluò) (literary, Taoism)
蒼旻／苍旻 (cāngmín) (literary)
蒼穹／苍穹 (cāngqióng) (literary)
藍天／蓝天 (lántiān)
青天 (qīngtiān)
青空 (qīngkōng) (literary)

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