荒

See also: 㐬
荒 U+8352, 荒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8352
← 荑
[U+8351] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 荓 →
[U+8353]

荒 U+FAB3, 荒
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB3
← 者
[U+FAB2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 華 →
[U+FAB4]

Translingual

Han character

荒 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜女山 (TYVU), four-corner 44211, composition ⿱艹巟)

Derived characters

References

Chinese
trad. 荒
simp. # 荒
alternative forms 㐬
𮎰
𠃤
𠯚
𦮋

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 荒
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
忙 *maːŋ
芒 *maːŋ, *maŋ
茫 *maːŋ
恾 *maːŋ
吂 *maːŋ, *maːŋs
汒 *maːŋ, *maŋs
朚 *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙 *maːŋ, *maŋ
杗 *maːŋ, *maŋ
荒 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs
肓 *hmaːŋ
衁 *hmaːŋ
巟 *hmaːŋ
詤 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ
謊 *hmaːŋʔ
喪 *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ
亡 *maŋ
望 *maŋ, *maŋs
莣 *maŋ
朢 *maŋ, *maŋs
鋩 *maŋ
硭 *maŋ
忘 *maŋ, *maŋs
网 *mlaŋʔ
罔 *mlaŋʔ
蛧 *maŋʔ
網 *mlaŋʔ
輞 *maŋʔ
棢 *maŋʔ
惘 *maŋʔ
菵 *maŋʔ
誷 *maŋʔ
魍 *maŋʔ
妄 *maŋs
盲 *mraːŋ
蝱 *mraːŋ
虻 *mraːŋ
氓 *mraːŋ
甿 *mraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs) : semantic 艹 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 巟 (OC *hmaːŋ). Note: The middle part could be found as 亾 instead of 亡.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Cognate with 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”). The voiceless initial is possibly from the devoicing effect of an early (i.e. Proto-Sino-Tibetan) causative prefix *s- on 亡 (i.e. PST *s-maŋ > *hmaŋ > Middle Chinese hwɑŋ) which was subsequently lost.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hong - literary;
  • hng/huiⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • huang1 - literary;
  • hng1 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 荒 荒
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 唐 (102) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 呼光切 呼浪切
Baxter xwang xwangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hwɑŋ/ /hwɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hʷɑŋ/ /hʷɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwaŋ/ /hwaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
Wang
Li		 /xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xwɑŋ/ /xwɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huāng huàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fong1 fong3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 荒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m̥ˁaŋ/
English wasteland; uncultivated land

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 荒 荒
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 12649 12659
Phonetic
component		 亡 亡
Rime
group		 陽 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 荒 荒
Old
Chinese		 /*hmaːŋ/ /*hmaːŋs/

Definitions

荒

  1. wasteland; uncultivated land; desert
  2. uncultivated; barren; desolate
  3. unreasonable; absurd

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
荒

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. uncultivated, wild
  2. desolate, barren

Readings

Korean

Hanja

荒 (eumhun 거칠 황 (geochil hwang))

  1. rough; sparse; wild

Hanja

荒 (eumhun 공허할 강 (gongheohal gang))

  1. empty, blank

Vietnamese

Han character

荒: Hán Nôm readings: hoang, hoăng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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