草木

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	tree; wood
trad. (草木)		草	木
simp. ^#(草木)		草	木

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cǎomù

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄇㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² muk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-muk
Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): chháu-ba̍k / chháu-bo̍k / chhó͘-bo̍k / chhó-bo̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎomù
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄇㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎomù
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-mu⁴
  - Yale: tsǎu-mù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaomuh
  - Palladius: цаому (caomu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cou² muk⁶
  - Yale: chóu muhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² muk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cou² mug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ mʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-muk
  - Hakka Romanization System: co` mug`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: co³ mug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ muk̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-ba̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsháu-ba̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'bak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bak̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bak̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsháu-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw'bok
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó͘-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tshóo-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhofbok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ bɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tshó-bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoy'bok
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ bɔk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: tshawX muwk

Rime
Character	草	木
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	東 (3)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	采老切	莫卜切
Baxter	tshawX	muwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/muk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/muk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/muk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰaw^X/	/məwk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/muk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/muk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/muk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎo	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cou²	muk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤuʔ C.mˤok/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːʔ moːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	草	木
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cǎo	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ tshaw^X ›	‹ muwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁuʔ/	/*C.mˁok/
English	grass, plants	tree, wood
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	草	木
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	16547	9327
Phonetic component	早	木
Rime group	幽	屋
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	草	木
Old Chinese	/*sʰuːʔ/	/*moːɡ/
Notes	說文作艸

Noun

草木

vegetation; plants; greenery; flora
- 天地變化，草木蕃。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天地变化，草木蕃。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE
  Tiāndì biànhuà, cǎomù fán. [Pinyin]
  Heaven and Earth change and transform, flora flourish

Synonyms

株 (zhū)
植 (zhí) (literary, or in compounds)
植株 (zhízhū)
植物 (zhíwù)
植被 (zhíbèi)
歲物／岁物 (suìwù) (literary)
綠色植物／绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)
花卉 (huāhuì)
花草 (huācǎo)

Derived terms

人非草木，誰能無情／人非草木，谁能无情
玉在山而草木潤／玉在山而草木润
草木樨 (cǎomùxī)
草木灰 (cǎomùhuī)
草木皆兵 (cǎomùjiēbīng)
草木知威
草木驚心／草木惊心

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (草木):

→ Japanese: 草木(そうもく) (sōmoku)
→ Korean: 초목(草木) (chomok)
→ Vietnamese: thảo mộc (草木)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
草	木
くさ Grade: 1	き Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
草	木
そう Grade: 1	もく Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) くさき [kùsáꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̊ᵝsa̠kʲi]

(Tokyo) そーもく [sòómókú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
(Tokyo) そーもく [sóꜜòmòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [so̞ːmo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

草(くさ)木(き) or 草(そう)木(もく) • (kusaki or sōmoku)

vegetation; plants

Related terms

草(くさ)花(ばな) (kusabana)

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN