臣民

Chinese

		statesman; vassal; courtier statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official	the people; nationality; citizen
simp. and trad. (臣民)		臣	民

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chénmín

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁴ man⁴
Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): sîn-bîn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chénmín
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chénmín
  - Wade–Giles: chʻên²-min²
  - Yale: chén-mín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chernmin
  - Palladius: чэньминь (čɛnʹminʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵ min³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: san⁴ man⁴
  - Yale: sàhn màhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san⁴ man⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen⁴ men⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²¹ mɐn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn-bîn
  - Tâi-lô: sîn-bîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sinbiin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕin²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕin²⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕin¹³⁻²² bin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕin²⁴⁻¹¹ bin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕin²³⁻³³ bin²³/

Noun

臣民

(literary) officials and commoners (of a feudal state)
subject (of a ruler)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (臣民):

→ Japanese: 臣民(しんみん) (shinmin)
→ Korean: 신민(臣民) (sinmin)
→ Vietnamese: thần dân (臣民)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
臣	民
しん Grade: 4	みん Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんみん [shìńmíꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩmʲːĩɴ]

Noun

臣(しん)民(みん) • (shinmin)

a subject (citizen in a monarchy or empire)

Usage notes

In the context of Japan, this term was used in Meiji era to refer to the citizens of Japan, who were at that time considered subjects of the emperor.

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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