痰

痰 U+75F0, 痰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75F0
← 痯
[U+75EF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 痱 →
[U+75F1]

Translingual

Han character

痰 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大火火 (KFF), four-corner 00189, composition ⿸疒炎)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 774, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22251
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1185, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2682, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+75F0

Chinese
trad. 痰
simp. # 痰
alternative forms 淡 classical

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (炎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
倓 *l'oːmʔ, *l'aːm, *l'aːms
緂 *l̥ʰaːm, *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam
毯 *l̥ʰaːmʔ
菼 *l̥ʰaːmʔ
裧 *l̥ʰaːmʔ, *l̥ʰjam, *l̥ʰjams
賧 *l̥ʰaːms
睒 *l̥ʰaːms, *hljamʔ
舕 *l̥ʰaːms
談 *l'aːm
郯 *l'aːm
惔 *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
錟 *l'aːm
淡 *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ
痰 *l'aːm
餤 *l'aːm
啖 *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
腅 *l'aːms
剡 *ɦljamʔ, *lamʔ
覢 *hljamʔ
掞 *hljams
炎 *ɦlam
琰 *lamʔ
棪 *lamʔ
扊 *lamʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːm) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 痰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒甘切
Baxter dam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /dɑm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /dɑm/
Shao
Rongfen		 /dɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /dam/
Li
Rong		 /dɑm/
Wang
Li		 /dɑm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 taam4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 痰
Reading # 1/1
No. 14297
Phonetic
component		 炎
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 談
Old
Chinese		 /*l'aːm/

Definitions

痰

  1. phlegm; sputum (Classifier: 口 m; 篤／笃 c; 啖 c)

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 痰 (“phlegm; sputum”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 痰
Mandarin Taiwan 痰
Singapore 痰
Cantonese Hong Kong 痰
Taishan 痰
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 痰
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 痰
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 痰
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 痰
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 痰
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 痰
Min Nan Tainan 痰
Penang (Hokkien) 痰
Leizhou 醪瀾
Wu Shanghai 痰

Compounds
  • 中痰
  • 化痰 (huàtán)
  • 吐痰 (tǔtán)
  • 咳痰 (kétán)
  • 痰厥
  • 痰喘
  • 痰桶 (tántǒng)
  • 痰氣／痰气
  • 痰火
  • 痰火擾心／痰火扰心
  • 痰熱阻肺／痰热阻肺
  • 痰症
  • 痰病
  • 痰盂 (tányú)
  • 痰盒 (tánhé)
  • 痰迷心竅／痰迷心窍
  • 痰飲／痰饮
  • 祛痰 (qūtán)
  • 祛痰劑／祛痰剂
  • 祛痰潤肺／祛痰润肺

Japanese

Kanji
痰

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. phlegm; sputum

Readings

Compounds
  • 青痰(あおたん) (aotan)
  • 喀痰(かくたん) (kakutan)
  • 去痰(きょたん) (kyotan), 祛痰(きょたん) (kyotan): expectoration
  • 血痰(けったん) (kettan)
  • 検痰(けんたん) (kentan)
  • 痰火(たんか) (tanka)
  • 痰咳(たんがい) (tangai)
  • 痰血(たんけつ) (tanketsu)
  • 痰咳(たんせき) (tanseki)
  • 痰唾(たんつぼ) (tantsubo)
  • 痰壺(たんつぼ) (tantsubo)
  • 痰吐(たんは)き (tanhaki)
  • 痰(たん)を切(き)る (tan o kiru)
Kanji in this term
痰
たん
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 痰 (tán).

Pronunciation

Noun

痰(たん) • (tan) 

  1. phlegm

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

痰 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)

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