生生

Chinese

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Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēngshēng

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄥㄕㄥ
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sâng-sâng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēngshēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥㄕㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shengsheng
  - Wade–Giles: shêng¹-shêng¹
  - Yale: shēng-shēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengsheng
  - Palladius: шэншэн (šɛnšɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâng-sâng
  - Hakka Romanization System: sang´ sang´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sang¹ sang¹
  - Sinological IPA: /saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ saŋ²⁴/

Middle Chinese: sraeng|sraengH sraeng|sraengH

Rime
Character	生	生
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	所庚切	所敬切
Baxter	sraeng	sraengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃaŋ/	/ʃaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sang¹	sang³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰleːŋ|sreŋs sʰleːŋ|sreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	生	生	生
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng	shēng	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ sræng ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ srjæng ›
Old Chinese	/sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or s.reŋ ?)	/*sreŋ/	/sreŋ/ (or s.reŋ ?)
English	bear, be born; live	fresh, raw	bear, be born; live
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	生	生
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	11312	11322
Phonetic component	生	生
Rime group	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	生	生
Old Chinese	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*sreŋs/

Noun

生生

every generation
Alternative form of 猩猩 (xīngxing)

Verb

生生

to grow and multiply without end
to seek one's livelihood
to live

Adverb

生生

while still alive

Adjective

生生

vigorous
timid

Suffix

生生

expressive suffix

Derived terms

世世生生
怯生生
活生生 (huóshēngshēng)
生生不已
生生不息 (shēngshēngbùxī)
生生世世 (shēngshēngshìshì)
生生化化
白生生 (báishēngshēng)
硬生生 (yìngshēngshēng)
翠生生
薄生生

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